Histopathological patterns of endometrium in women with abnormal uterine bleeding in akhtar saeed medical college

Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural shift from more-or-less regular cycles of ovulation and menstruation towards menopause

Materials and Methods: A retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 45 perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was done who underwent endometrial sampling during 8 months period from January 2014 to August 2014 at the Akhtar Saeed, Hospital. Endometrial tissue collected by sampling procedures such as dilatation and curettage [D and C], endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage had been sent to the pathology laboratory, Akhtar Saeed Medical college, Lahore for evaluation

Results: The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia [70%] followed by metrorrhagia [15%], polymenorrhagia [15%]. Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various patterns on histopathology. Secretory endometrium seen in 14 cases [31%] was the most common out of which late secretory endometrium on histopathology was seen in 08 patients [17.7%], early secretory endometrium on histopathology seen in 05 cases [11%], while mid secretory seen in one case. Proliferative endometrium seen in 13 cases [28.8%] was the second most common pathology. Endometrial hyperplasia was seen in 09 [20%] patients who presented with atypical uterine bleeding . Adenocarcinoma seen in 05 cases [11%], inactive endometrium is seen in 03 cases [6.66%]. Hormonal imbalance seen in 01 case [2,22%]

Conclusion: A significant number show underlying organic pathologies thus highlighting the significance of endometrial curetting and biopsy as a diagnostic procedure

rate of microscopic colitis in patients with chronic watery diarrhea and normal or near normal endoscopic appearance: a retrospective study with review of the literature

Background: Microscopic colitis [MC] which includes two distinct but probably related entities namely collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC] is characterized by chronic watery/secretary diarrhea and normal/near normal endoscopic and radiological appearance of colon. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of MC in our patients who seek medical advice because of chronic watery diarrhea and found to have either normal colonic mucosa on endoscopy or show minimal non specific changes

Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 100 consecutive colonic biopsies coming to Indus Lab, Lahore for analysis

Results: We reviewed one hundred colonic biopsies and found seven cases of MC, four showed features of LC and three had CC. The two out of four cases of LC were associated with celiac disease. The age distribution was 24 to 65 years. Out of four patients of LC three were female and one male whilst CC was found in one female and two male patients. The two patients of MC associated with celiac disease also complained of failure to thrive/weight loss. One patient with CC had mild abdominal discomfort in addition to chronic watery diarrhea. There was no history of long term use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] in any of our patients

Conclusion: MC is a relatively rare but important cause of chronic watery diarrhea and all patients should have multiple endoscopic biopsies taken from different parts of "normal" looking colon to rule out the possibility of MC

Correlation of tumor size and grade with axillary lymph node status in carcinoma breast

Objectives: to evaluate the size and grade of carcinoma breast and to correlate these with the axillary lymph node status

Design and place of study: it was a case series observational study conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore

Subjects and methods: the study comprised convenient sampling of 30 female patients of age over thirty years undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma during six months from December 2004 to May 2005

Results: in all, 56.25% of cases of tumor size >5cm had >9 axillary nodes positive for metastatic breast carcinoma while 69.2% of grade 3 neoplasms had >9 positive axillary nodes. There was a significant correlation [P <0.01] of tumor size and grade with number of positive nodes

Conclusion: greater the tumor size and grade, more was the number of axillary lymph nodes positive for metastatic breast carcinoma

Analysis of 404 cases of radiologically guided fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] of space occupying lesions of liver

Radiologically guided Fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] is a valuable technique for diagnosing benign and malignant space occupying masses of liver. It is a cost effective and safe method that can differentiate benign and malignant lesions accurately. The objective of this study was to analyze 404 cases of radiologically guided fine needle aspiration cytology of space occupying lesions of liver. The study was conducted at Histopathology Department SZFPGMI in collaboration with the Radiology Department. The aspirates were done by senior radiologist in Radiology Department. Most of the aspirates were from males. Five cases were considered inadequate, there were more malignant cases [295 cases] as compared to benign lesions [99 cases]. Metastatic lesions were more common as compared to hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], however, the ratio of metastatic adenocarcinoma and primary HCC was almost equal. Thus radiologically guided FNAC is the simple, quick and complication free procedure for diagnosing space occu pying lesions of liver

Cystic lymphangioma of the small-bowel mesentery: case report

Cystic lymphangioma of the small-bowel mesentery is a rare manifestation of an intraabdominal tumor in elderly patients. We present a case of a small-bowel mesentery lymphangioma, causing fever and chills and present clinical and pathologic features. Furthermore, etiology and differential diagnosis of this tumor are discussed

Audit of 100 cases of space occupying lesions of brain

Brain tumors comprise 10% of all tumors and account for the most common tumors of childhood. Peak incidence is seen at 5th decade. Supratentorial tumors are present in adults and Infratentorial tumors are frequent in childhood. In this study, 100 cases of SOL [space occupying lesion] brain were received as biopsies or as whole specimens fixed in 10% formal in. Out of the total 100 cases, male to female ratio was 61: 39.Highest number of cases was seen in ages 51 years and above. Out of the total of 100 tumors, 47 were benign and 53 were malignant tumors. Among the benign tumors, following cases were reported: Meningioma, 24; Pituitary adenoma, 12; Schwannoma, 09; Choroid plexus papilloma, 01 and Neurofibroma, 01. Among the malignant tumors ,following types were seen: Glioblastoma multiforme, 12; Metastatic carcinoma, 08; Fibrillary astrocytoma, 08; Anaplastic astrocytoma, 08; Medulloblastoma, 06; Oligodendroglioma, 03; Gemistocytic astrocytoma, 03; Ependymoma, 03; Pilocytic astrocytoma, 01 and subependymal gia nt cell astrocytoma [SEGA], 01. Thus, the commonest benign tumor reported was classical meningioma and commonest malignant tumor was glioblastoma multiforme