End-to-end anal sphincter repair in treatment of post-traumatic fecal incontinence

The present report describes the end-to-end technique of anal sphincter repair in a 36-year-old female patient with post-vaginal delivery fecal incontinence (FI). The patient had a history of two vaginal deliveries and the symptoms of FI were observed after the second delivery. On assessment of the severity of FI using the Wexner incontinence score, the patient had a score of 12. Endoanal ultrasonography revealed an anterior defect of the external anal sphincter extending from 11 to 3 o'clock. The patient had no previous anal surgery and did not have any medical comorbidities. The operation time was 45minutes. No intraoperative complications were recorded. At 12 months of follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in the continence state, with her Wexner score dropping to 4. No postoperative complications were recorded. We can conclude that end-to-end anal sphincter repair is a technically feasible operation that confers satisfactory improvement in the continence state without imposing much tension on the site of sphincter repair. (AU)

Embodiment of religious figures in the Iranian drama and relationship to mental image in adolescents

Problem: This study discuss the following question: What is the relationship between the embodiment of religious figures in the Iranian drama and the mental image of them in adolescents?

Objectives:Identify the habits and patterns and density View teenagers Iranian drama which embody religious figures and motives of watching her, Knowledge of the mental image in adolescents for religious figures, and Come to know the relationship between the embodiment of religious figures in the Iranian drama and the mental image of them in adolescents

Type and Methodology: The study is belonged to descriptive studies, survey method was used

Sample: A sample of adolescents to examine the relationship between watching the Iranian drama which embodied religious figures and formed a mental picture they have from those figures seen through, and Field sample applied on a stratified random sample of 400 single-strong adolescents [Male/ Female] in Cairo Governorate [High School] who are watching the Iranian drama that embodied the religious figures

Instruments: Questionnaire Form: to collect data under the frame of survey methodology by sample

Results: That 83.4% of respondents reject the embodiment and the emergence of religious figures [Prophets-Companions] in the Iranian drama, while 9.9% were neutral, and in contrast, 6.7% of them agree to the embodiment and the emergence of religious figures [Prophets-Companions] in the Iranian drama. That 63.4% of me respondents do not accept the image that embodied the religious figures in Iran's drama, while 31.6% of them accept them sometimes, and 5.1% of them accept them always. 43% of the respondents, first thing remember him when he comes respondents said religious figure, which looked at is a personal drama that appeared in this business sometimes form, while in contrast, 26.7% of them remember the other things, and 30.2% of them remembers always. Test the validity of hypotheses, the first hypothesis is proven wrong: no statistically significant correlation between the reflected image for the embodiment of religious figures and intensity of exposure. There were statistically significant differences between the respondents about the respondents believe that religious figures provided in the Iranian drama figures are close to the real figures depending on the type

Ameliorative effect of grapefruit juice on amiodarone-induced cytogenetic and testicular damage in albino rats

Objective:To evaluate the ameliorative role of grapefruit juice on the cytogenetic and testicular damage induced by the antiarrythmic drug amiodarone in albino rats. Methods: Animals were divided into four groups. Group I was considered as control. Group II was given grapefruit juice at a dose level of 27 mL/kg body weight. Group III was orally administered amiodarone (18 mg/kg body weight) daily for 5 weeks. Animals were sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment. Bone marrow was collected from the femurs for analysis of chromosomal aberrations and mitotic indices. Testes were removed and stained with H&E for histological examination. Sperms were collected from epidedymis for detection of sperm head abnormalities. Comet assay was used to detect DNA damage. Results: Amiodarone treatment caused a significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations, decreased the mitotic index and increased DNA damage. The testis showed many histopathological alterations, inhibition of spermatogenesis and morphometric changes. The number of sperm head abnormalities was increased. Treating animals with amiodarone and grapefruit juice caused a reduction in chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, DNA damage and testicular alterations caused by amiodarone. Conclusions:The results of this study indicated that grapefruit juice ameliorates the cytotoxicty and testicular alterations induced by amiodarone in albino rats and this is may be due to the potent antioxidant effects of its components.

Gadolinium-DTPA: a contrastagent for conventional x-ray and CT examinations; when? why and how?

It was noticed that Gadolinium-based contrast agents produced vascular and tissue enhancement on computed tomographic [CT] scans obtained in patients after magnetic resonance [MR] imaging examinations. It also have been used as an alternative to iodinated contrast agents in angiography. This study was performed to assess more systematically the potential utility of gadolinium based contrast agent at both CT and conventional X-ray procedures .Fifteen patients were examined with Gd-DTPA as a contrast medium for CT of Brain [5 patients], CT abdomen [5 patients] and another five patients underwent routine intravenous urography [IVU] examination. Single cut level dynamic scan for CT examinations performed after intravenous injection of the Gd-DTPA as a bolus technique and time enhancement curves for different tissues of interest were drown. Gd-DTPA showed satisfactory diagnostic visualization of the urinary system, good contrast visualization of the veins, and Good enhancement of the brain vascularity, but milder degrees of tissue enhancement for parenchymatous organs occurred however the aorta showed good diagnostic enhancement. We concluded that gadolinium may be an alternative CT contrast agents for patients who cannot receive iodinated contrast agents and in whom contrast-enhanced CT is the examination of choice. While the current high cost of gadolinium-based contrast agents might prohibit their routine use, the cost might be justifiable in various infrequent clinical situations, particularly for vascular studies