RESUMO
Fasting in the month of Ramadan has several positive effects on the emotional and mental state and improves happiness in the community. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fasting on the level of happiness in the general population. In this study, we used pretest-posttest analysis to evaluate the hypothesis, and the study population consisted of the people of Kermanshah, Iran. In total, 110 individuals were selected randomly, and the evaluation of happiness was performed using MUNSH happiness survey including four scales of positive appreciation [PA], positive experience [PE], negative appreciation [NA] and negative experience [NE]. Data analysis was performed using T-test in SPSS V.18. In this study, a significant difference was observed between the level of happiness before and after the month of Ramadan. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and posttest in terms of NA [P=0.032, T=2.16] and NE [P=0.001, T=3.302]. However, no significant difference was observed in PA and PE before and after Ramadan in the study population. According to the results of this study, fasting could positively affect the level of happiness in a community. Therefore, further attention needs to be drawn to the religious beliefs of people and their effects on the mental health of a society
RESUMO
As a nuclear approach, Positron Emission Tomography [PET] is a functional imaging technique which is based on the detection of gamma ray pairs emitted by a positron?emitting radionuclide. There are certain limitations to this technique such as normal tissue uptake. Therefore, it has been recommended that patients prepare before scanning. Fasting for a short while before PET imaging is an example of such preparation. In this paper, we attempted to collect the studies evaluating the effects of fasting in the three sections of cardiac, brain and abdominal PET imaging. Conclusively, we found that the effects of fasting on PET imaging can be different depending on the type of PET scanning, radiotracer, patient's diseases, fasting duration and in case of any additional dietary plans. It is proposed that further study be conducted on this subject in order to determine such effects in more detail
RESUMO
Breast cancer within incident of one million new cases each year has become one of the most common malignancies and leading cause of death among females. This disease is comprised of about 18% of women cancers. The availability of early detection and improved treatments may decrease the mortality rates which reflected in the United States and many other western countries. Breast cancer in over the past 20 years may also have contributed to the Increasing age, nulliparity, positive family history of breast cancer, and use of menopausal hormone therapy were positively risk factors associated with breast cancer. Therefore, studying this malignity is prominent due to its mortality world wild. Evaluation and study of different aspects of breast cancer have been established during past decays which, in this review, it is presented and discussed