Involvement of the eye with acanthamoeba

This review is based on the relevant literatures available in this subject. The aim is to give wide information's about infection of the cornea by the parasite. Acanthmoeba causing acanthamoeba keratitis which is a potentially devastating corneal infection causing visual loss. The review gives emphasis on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and management of the disease. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a potential blinding infection of the cornea, it is essential to be early diagnosed, to avoid the risk of permanent visual impairment and blindness

Humoral and cellular immune responses as diagnostic tools in human toxoplasmosis

The study was conducted to assess the humoral and cellular immune responses in patients suspected to have Toxoplasma infection, and to evaluate their use as diagnostic tools. Seventy six persons were enrolled in the study, 56 of them are patients with toxoplasmosis. In addition to 20 apparently healthy persons were served as control. They were divided into 4 main groups according to their signs and symptoms, Group I, 17 patients with ocular signs and symptoms suggestive of toxoplasmosis Group II, 23 patients complaining of complicated obstetric problems, Group III, 9 infants and children with signs and symptoms of congenital toxoplasmosis, and Group IV, 7 patients with manifestations suggesting toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. RH Toxoplasma strain was used. Experimental animals: 400 mice were used, 10 each time, for maintainance of Toxoplasma strain, by regular serial passage and for preparation of antigen. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for detection of anti Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. Lymphocyte transformation test were done for detection of specific lymphocyte proliferation [blastogenic response]. Out of total 56 patients, 49 patients [87.5%] gave positive results to Toxopasma antigen in one or more of the specific techniques applied. Seven patients gave negative results were recommended for periodic follow up before exclusion of toxoplasmosis. High rates of seropositivity detected among suspected patients suggest the reliability of ELISA in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Specific lymphoblastognic response would confirm the results and reveal dormant infection in some suspected subjects. However, rising titre/ seroconversion is a prerequisite for therapy

Ophthalmomyiasis

This article is a review on research prospectives in this subject. Ophthamomyiasis is the term applied to the infestation of the eye by larvae [maggots] of flies of the order Diptera, family Oestridae. On the basis of site of infestation, ophthalmomyiasis may be classified as external, internal and orbital ophthalmomyiasis. The likelihood of human ocular myiasis is higher in persons living in close proximity with infested animals, and under conditions of poor hygiene. Optic atrophy and visual loss in few cases however, may occur