Chronic oozing skin lesions in children: Possible tuberculosis? Two case reports

Cutaneous tuberculosis is frequently misleading and challenging, as it mimics a wide differential diagnosis. Here, we present two pediatric cases with chronic multiple ulcerating nodules. Proper history, physical examination, and histopathological analysis are included in the workup of suspected skin tuberculosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive culture for mycobacteria

pattern of tuberculosis in Aswan Chest Hospital, Egypt

Objective/background: Tuberculosis [TB] is a major health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of TB in Aswan Chest Hospital, Aswan, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using medical records from the TB registry in Aswan Chest Hospital. The investigated variables included demographic characteristics, type of TB infection, and affected organs. All data were coded and statistically analyzed

Results: The average age of the 557 patients infected with TB was 40.31 +/- 18.87 years; 58.2% of the cases were men and 41.8% were women. In both sexes, the highest number of TB patients was from the reproductive age groups

During the 5-year study period, the highest percentage of cases were new cases and the highest frequency of cases was during 2011 and the lowest frequency was during 2015

Pulmonary TB cases showed a sharp decline; however, there was a decrease in extrapulmonary TB cases during 2012 and 2013, with a slight rise in 2014 and 2015. Of the pulmonary TB cases, 82.5% were smear-positive TB

Conclusion: There was a decline in the total number of TB cases across the studied years and the most studied cases were pulmonary smear-positive and new cases. Younger people represented a large percentage of reported cases

7-year-old girl with multiple skin ulcers: case report and literature review

Introduction: There has been an increase in the number of tuberculosis [TB] cases worldwide, but TB of the skin remains rare

Case presentation: A case of 7-year-old girl with multiple ulcerating nodules who presented with four ulcers in the skin of the left elbow. The patient was unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics treatment initially. Because of poor clinical response to conventional therapy, TB was suspected. Although tuberculin skin test was negative, positive QuantiFERON TB Gold test and clinical picture strongly indicated TB. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Conclusion: A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to suspect TB of the skin. Positive culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis

Impact of implementation of standard infection control measures on the reduction of vascular access infection among hemodialysis patients at Alexandria university student hospital

Many advances have been made in the care and treatment of those with renal insufficiency and End Stage Renal Diseases [ESRD]. However, infection is still the second highest cause of death, after cardiovascular causes, with 71.6% of this mortality associated with sepsis is 50 times greater in renal patient than that seen in the general population. It accounts for around 30% of all hospital admissions. Additionally, in the hemodialysis [HD] population between 25-50% of infection are associated with vascular access most notably central venous catheter [CVCs] causing major morbidity rates for these patients. The study was conducted on 52 patients on maintenance [HD] in Alexandria University student hospital for 9 months before and after implementation of standard infection control measures [S1CM]. The sample included 45 patients with native vein arteriovenous fistula [AVF], 2 with prosthetic graft [PG-A VF] and 5 with central venous catheters [CVCs]. From the start of infection control program, orientation and training of dialysis unit staff on [SICM] together with supervision from assigned personnel from the unit and infection control team in the hospital. Sign and symptoms of infection, lab investigations, hospital admission and antibiotic therapy were recorded. Data collected were compared to registered records 9 months before the start of infection control program. Remarkable reduction of infection rates were observed. Before the implementation of infection control program the rates were 20% in [AVE], 27% in PGA VF and 50% of [CVCs] and later were reduced to 4%, 10% 15% respectively after 9 months from the start of [S1CM] and the difference were found to be statistically significant [p<0.001]. It is concluded that compliance to SICM; have resulted in a remarkable reduction of infection rates of vascular access among HD patients. These results will be used to improve the quality of health care and will help to evaluate the efficiency of SICM