Glottal function index and GRBAS scale of patients undergoing vocal cord medialization: A series of five patients

@#<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>Vocal cord paralysis or immobility is debilitating condition that may result from neural or mechanical fixation of the vocal cord (VC). When permanent, therapy is aimed at improving closure by modifying the position of the vocal cord. Whatever surgical intervention is chosen, pre-and post-operative voice evaluation is important. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the Glottal Function Index (GFI) and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS) Scale in the evaluation of treatment outcomes in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) who underwent medialization thyroplasty type 1 with a modified lock-in soft silicone implant.<br /><br /><strong>METHODS:<br />Design:</strong> Descriptive Case Series<br /><strong>Setting:</strong> Tertiary Government Hospital<br /><strong>Patient:</strong> Five<br /><br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Five patients (3 females, 2 males) consulted due to hoarness underwent rigid endoscopy. Four (2 right, 2 left) had unilateral paramedian VC paralysis while one had bilateral paresis with bowing of the left vocal cord. One of those with left VC paralysis was diagnosed as idiopathic; the four were iatrogenic (3 form thyroid surgery, 1 from multiple surgical procedures). All patients underwent medialization thyroplasty type 1 using locked-in soft silicone implant. The GFI and GRBAS scale were utilized for pre-operative and post-operative perceptual evaluation of voice. The GFI showed severe glottic insufficiency among all five patients prior to surgery with improvement of the subjective symptoms one day and one week post-surgery in four patients. Likewise, the Hirano GRBAS scale showed improvement of voice quality and correlated the improvement of the patient's subjective symptoms from the from GFI scores. However, 5 cases with bilateral vocal cord paresis, showed no improvement of voice quality despite recovery from subjective symptoms.<br /><br /><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> For glottal insufficiency, perceptual voice evaluation using self-administered GFI and GRBAS scale assessment are important parameters in determining the quality of life among patients with glottal insufficiency undergoing medialization laryngoplasty.</p>

Cavernous hemangioma of the mandible

Objective: To report a case of hemangioma arising from the mandible and its clinical presentation; describe the similarities with which mandibular hemangioma may mimic odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions; and identify diagnostic and treatment modalities employed in these patients. Methods: Design: Case Report Setting: Tertiary Public Hospital Patient: One Results: A 12-year-old male with intractable gum bleeding exacerbated by intraoperative manipulation of a loose first premolar and uncontrolled by left external carotid ligation, underwent segmental mandibulectomy. The resected segment revealed multiple porosities and a hollow blood-filled cavity. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. Conclusion: Though rare, mandibular hemangiomas should be considered in lesions involving the mandible. Diagnosis is difficult with an array of lesions that may appear clinically and radiographically similar. The non-specific signs and symptoms of mandibular hemangioma could lead to exsanguinating hemorrhage if not attended to promptly.