Hemodynamic responses during and after multiple sets of stretching exercises performed with and without the Valsalva maneuver

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the acute hemodynamic responses to multiple sets of passive stretching exercises performed with and without the Valsalva maneuver. METHODS: Fifteen healthy men aged 21 to 29 years with poor flexibility performed stretching protocols comprising 10 sets of maximal passive unilateral hip flexion, sustained for 30 seconds with equal intervals between sets. Protocols without and with the Valsalva maneuver were applied in a random counterbalanced order, separated by 48-hour intervals. Hemodynamic responses were measured by photoplethysmography pre-exercise, during the stretching sets, and post-exercise. RESULTS: The effects of stretching sets on systolic and diastolic blood pressure were cumulative until the fourth set in protocols performed with and without the Valsalva maneuver. The heart rate and rate pressure product increased in both protocols, but no additive effect was observed due to the number of sets. Hemodynamic responses were always higher when stretching was performed with the Valsalva maneuver, causing an additional elevation in the rate pressure product. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple sets of unilateral hip flexion stretching significantly increased blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product values. A cumulative effect of the number of sets occurred only for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, at least in the initial sets of the stretching protocols. The performance of the Valsalva maneuver intensified all hemodynamic responses, which resulted in significant increases in cardiac work during stretching exercises. .

Diagnostico y tratamiento del reflujo vesico-ureteral no obstructivo en el adulto. / Diagnosis and treatment of non-obstructive vesico-ureteral reflux in adults

La posibilidad de presencia de reflujo debe ser considerada en cada paciente adulto con pielonefritis recidivante donde no se demuestra patologia obstructiva asociada.Sin mostrar en el adulto la importante incidencia observada en el nino, su consideracion es particularmente importante en pacientes con historia de infeccion recurrente comenzada en la infancia o durante el embarazo. Aun cuando el reflujo puede ser resultado de infeccion cronica tanto como causa primaria, no cabe duda de que su presencia perpetua y agrava la infeccion y torna el tratamiento ineficaz. El tratamiento de reflujo en el adulto incluye sistematicamente la correccion quirurgica del mismo, toda vez que las posibilidades de cesacion espontanea, a diferencia de lo que acontece en el nino, son muy aleatorias