RESUMO
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important parasitic infections in human and animals. This study was designed for survey on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in farms of Ilam, west of Iran, using parasitology method and genotyping by Nested PCR-RFLP. Fecal samples of 217 cattle were collected fresh and directly from the rectum of cattle. All of the samples were examined by microscopic observation after staining with modified Ziehl-Neelsen [MZN]. Genomic DNA extracted by using EURx DNA kit. A Nested PCR-RFLP protocol amplifying 825 bp fragment of 18s rRNA gene conducted to differentiate species and genotyping of the isolates using SspI and VspI as restriction enzymes. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle using both methods is 3.68%. Most of the positive cattle were calves under six months. Species diagnosis carried out by digesting the secondary PCR product with SspI that C. parvum generated 3 visible bands of 448, 247 and 106 bp and digested by VspI restriction enzyme generated 2 visible bands of 628 and 104bp. In this investigation all of the positive samples were Cryptosporidium parvum. C. parvum [bovine genotype] detected in all positive cattle samples in Ilam, west of Iran. The results of the present study can help for public health care systems to prevention and management of cryptosporidiosis in cattle and the assessment of cattle cryptosporidiosis as a reservoir for the human infection
RESUMO
Leeches are a group of round worm that belonged in Hirudina order. They live in freshwater, soil and wetlands. Some leeches are predators and feeding of worms, insect's larvae and snails, whereas some of the other is bloodthirsty and feeding invertebrates and vertebrates. Although leeches can have important therapeutic but sometimes cause serious problems in humans and animals. In the present report, a 22 year old woman living in Tabriz admitted to infectious diseases ward of Sina hospital, with diarrhea, nausea and gastroenteritis symptoms. After clinical and parasitological experiments, leeches were confirmed in the patient's gastrointestinal secretions
RESUMO
Visceral leishmaniasis [Kala-azar] is one of the parasitic zoonotic diseases which is caused by Leishmania donovani complex parasites. Thus, the aim of this study is the application of different enzymatic systems for discrimination species and strains visceral leishmaniasis agent. In this experimental study, reference strains of Leishmania infatum, Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica in addition, the leishmania parasites isolated from bone marrow of subjects and internal organs of dogs infected to visceral leishmaiasis [VL] were inoculated on RPMI + FBS 10% medium for mass cultivation. Then, using electrophoresis on polyacrilamid gel, six enzymatic systems including GPI, PGM, MDH, G6PD, 6PGD and NH2 were examined in order that identification of species and strains of the isolates and thus finding the appropriate enzymatic systems for discrimination of these compared with reference strains. Isoenzymatic profile of six enzymatic systems mentioned above for these isolates were compared with reference strains and also relative migration were calculated. Finally, the results were showed that only five enzymatic systems, except 6PGD, had discriminated ability of different species. In the present study, GPI and G6PD enzymes had the most heterogeneity while NH2 enzyme had the most homogeneity. Moreover, PGM, GPI and MDH were highly active enzymes