The Effects of Pulsatilla Koreana for Anti-Inflammatory and Cellular Activity of Periodontal Tissue / 대한치주과학회지

This study was performed to define the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory action of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. To analyze cytotoxic effects, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were used, and anti-inflammatory actions related to reduction of IL-1beta and PGE2 production were performed in vitro, for the suggestion of efficacy and safety on periodontal therapeutic use of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. We extracted ethylacetate and butylalcohol from well-dried and ground Pulsatilla koreana throughout multiple processing, then used different concentration solution(0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 1 %, 2 %) of ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts to examine cytotoxic effects and anti-inflammatory actions Cytotoxic effects were examined by ELISA reader using MTT(Methyl Thiazol-2-YL-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium bromide)solution following culture of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Synthesis of IL-1beta was examined by IL-1beta enzyme-immunoassay(EIA)system after separation and culture of monocyte, and PGE2 was examined by PGE2 EIA system after culture of gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follows: 1. In the MTT test of gingival fibroblasts, the change of optical density was decreased significantly at 2 % of butylalcohol extracts and 0.04 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 1 %, 2 % of ethylacetate extracts.(p<0.05) 2. In the MTT test of periodontal ligament cells, the change of optical density were not differ significantly. but butylalcohol and ethylacetate extracts except from butylalcohol 0.01 % showed high cell cytotoxity. 3. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of IL-1beta, and inhibition effect of ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. 4. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of PGE2, and ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. In conclusion, ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana showed little cell cytotoxity for gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and the inhibition of IL-1beta and PGE2 synthesis, therefore it is considered that these extracts can be developed as the therapeutics of the periodontal disease.

The Antimicrobial Effect of Pulsatilla Koreana Extracts to Oral Micro-Organism / 대한치주과학회지

Gingivitis and periodontitis are infectious diseases in that microorganisms are the primary extrinsic cause of the diseases. the occurrence of gingivitis has been associated clearly with the presence of microorganisms at the disease site, and the histologic nature of the tissue involved is indicative of an inflammatory response induced by microorganisms. additional evidence for the microbial etiology of periodontal disease is that numerous antimicrobial agents are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and periodontal diseases. the purpose of this article is to analyze the antimicrobial effects of Pulsatilla koreana. Well-dried Pulsatilla koreana purchased from herbs distributor was ground and extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform(CHCl3) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH). we have then applied each solution to the bacteria samples(Bacteroides forsythus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphylomonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces viscosus, Prevotella nigrescens, Rothia dentocariosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) collected from several organizations. To conduct susceptibility test(Kirby-Bauer method), plate contained each periodontopathic bacteria is spread extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform(CHCl3) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH) and to measure the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the bacteria against the solutions to ultimately determine antimicrobial effects of the solutions, insert bacteria sample into 20microliter/ml, 10microliter/ml, 5microliter/ml, 2.5microliter/ml of each solution and control group(not contained solution) 1. Solution extracted into methanol did not show clear zone against all bacteria samples. Only P. nigrescens, S. mutans and S. sanguis in soluton extracted into ethylacetate, S. mutans and S. anguis in solutions extracted into chlorform and Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against all bacteria samples. Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against 13 types of bacteria, excluding P. gingivalis. 2. In Solution extracted into methanol, the bacteria samples grew in the highest concentrated plate, showing minimal variation from control group. 3. In Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol, S. aureus, P. intermedia, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis et al. showed decreased growth in the highest concentrated plate. P. auruginosa, R. dentocariosa, A. viscosus, P. nigrescens, S. mutans et al. showed decreased growth at MIC 20microliter/ml and S. sanguis showed decreased growth at MIC 10microliter/ml. 4. By analyzing the MIC level through considering the results from Kirby-Bauer method, Solution extracted into methanol did not reveal any antimicrobial effects and Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed the highest antimicrobial effects In conclusion, it can be used the extracts of Pulsatilla koreana as wide spectrum antimicrobial agent.

Pneumomediastinum, Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumoperitoneum and Pneumoretroperitoneum after Nephrectomy: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Pneumomediastinum, air within the planes of the mediastinum, occurs in a wide variety of clinical settings. In the perioperative period, pneumomediastinum is caused by various anesthetic and surgical complications, but may appear spontaneously. When pneumomediastinum occurs with no apparent cause, it is referred to as a spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The suggested mechanism of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is rupture of marginal alveoli due to increased intraalveolar pressure and dissection of air along the bronchovascular sheath into the mediastinum. Predisposing factors include raised intrathoracic pressure, as with coughing, vomiting, and Valsalva maneuvers. The auther's case is presented of pneumomediastinum, with subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum, occurring one day postoperatively, in a 26-year-old female patient who underwent nephrectomy under general anesthesia. The patient was treated conservatively with oxygen and had an uneventful recovery. The authors discuss the possible causes and its management with a review of the relevant literature.

Pneumomediastinum, Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumoperitoneum and Pneumoretroperitoneum after Nephrectomy: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Pneumomediastinum, air within the planes of the mediastinum, occurs in a wide variety of clinical settings. In the perioperative period, pneumomediastinum is caused by various anesthetic and surgical complications, but may appear spontaneously. When pneumomediastinum occurs with no apparent cause, it is referred to as a spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The suggested mechanism of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is rupture of marginal alveoli due to increased intraalveolar pressure and dissection of air along the bronchovascular sheath into the mediastinum. Predisposing factors include raised intrathoracic pressure, as with coughing, vomiting, and Valsalva maneuvers. The auther's case is presented of pneumomediastinum, with subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum, occurring one day postoperatively, in a 26-year-old female patient who underwent nephrectomy under general anesthesia. The patient was treated conservatively with oxygen and had an uneventful recovery. The authors discuss the possible causes and its management with a review of the relevant literature.

A Comparison of the Effect of Intravenous Patient - Controlled Analgesia vs. Intramuscular P.R.N Opioid Regimen on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Rate Pressure Product, and Visual Analogue Scale following Abdominal Hysterctomy / 대한마취과학회지

Previous studies have shown that patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) provides effective pain control in the postoperative patient. To compare the effect of pain relief on postoperative sympathetic responses and myocardial oxygen consumption, 40 healthy female patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were chosen randomly. They underwent pain management with either intravenous patient-controlled analgesia(IV PCA) or intermittent intramuscular opioid(IM P.R.N) regimen. Pain intensity(VAS), heart rate, blood pressure, and rate pressure product(RPP) were measured at predetermined time intervals for postoperative 72 hours after measurement of preoperative baseline values. Comparisons were then made between the two groups and among individuals within each group. IV-PCA improved postoperative pain relief(P<0.05), but did not suppress efficiently the heart rate, blood pressure, and RPP indicating sympathetic responses and myocardial oxygen consumption when compared with M P.R.N regimen. These variables were increased immediately and/or 30 minutes following the operation in both groups when compared with preoperative baseline value (P<0.05). These results suggest that improved pain relief per se by IV PCA had no mjor influence on the suppression of sympathetic responses and myocardial oxygen consumption and these responses were exaggerated during first 30 minutes after abdominal hysterectomy.