[Effect of family - centered empowerment model on the quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction: a clinical trial study]

Introduction: nowadays, non-contagious diseases have been extended due to the renovation of societies, technology promotion, and density of population on urban zones and tendency of population to unsuitable habits. Cardiovascular diseases are from these failures and are the most widespread cause of death and disability in the most countries as well as in Iran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of family-centered empowerment model [FCEM] on the quality of life of the myocardial infarction patients

Method: this clinical trial conducted on all of myocardial infarction patients hospitalized in Coronary Care Unit of the selected Hospital [72 persons in intervention and control groups]. Sampling was conducted by convenience sampling and then random allocation. For intervention group FCEM was implemented with four dimensions of perceived threat with group discussion method, self-efficacy with problem solving methods, self-esteem with educational partnership and outcome and process evaluations and usual care was done for control group members. In this study the instruments used were demographic variables, specialty instruments of FCEM, and SF-36 quality of life instrument. To analysis the data, Chi square, independent and dependent t, U man Whitney, Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Pearson correlation coefficient were used

Results: 8 dimensions of quality of life were similar in both groups before the intervention [P>0.05], but after the intervention both groups had significant differences [P<0.05]. But, paired t-test showed significant differences only in the intervention group [P<0.05]

Conclusion: FCEM for myocardial infarction patients was feasible and associated with improvement or modification of patients' quality of life

[Professional partnership: nurses' experience of theory-practice gap in nursing education]

Examining the gap between theoretical and practical training can be effective in professional development and can be changed. The aim of this study was to determine the experiences of nursing teachers about the issue of gap between theory and practice in nursing education. This qualitative study was carried out on 32 nursing teachers and managers at Nursing and Midwifery Faculties of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Esfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection conducted using semi-structured interview and after signing the informed consent by the participants. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Then, collected data were analyzed through conventional content analysis. In order to assess the validity of data collection, different criteria such as acceptability and verifiability were used. Main themes of the research include education engineering, meritocratic and professional partnership. Experience and understanding of the participants showed that their professional practice and educational activities are in compliance with the core planning. Therefore, content of education and clinical credibility and competency should be standardized through acquired efficient partnership. This will reduce the gap between education and training. The results of this study provides knowledge and insight in educators and managers, so that that they would be able to confront and resolve the gap between theory and clinical training. Results of this study revealed that experiences of participants can identify factors affecting the challenge and provide improved status appropriate for enhanced competence and capabilities of nursing student

[Effect of family-centered empowerment model [FCEM] on quality of life of mothers having teenagers with iron deficiency anemia]

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common hematological disease and like other chronic diseases affects different aspects of quality of life of patients and their mothers as their primary caregiver. The present study has been done in order to investigate the effect of [FCEM] on quality of life of mothers having teenagers with iron deficiency anemia in Tehran, 2013. This semi-experimental research was conducted after choosing 60 mothers of female teenager' with iron deficiency anemia and dividing them into two case and control groups through purposive sampling. The research tools included demographic; as well as, WHO Quality of Life-BREF [WHOQOL-BREF] questionnaires. FCEM was implemented in the case group and the post test was carried out 1.5 month after the end of the intervention. Before intervention the means of the quality of life in the case group and the control group were 54.63 +/- 6.89 and 54.50 +/- 7.66 respectively. Independent t-test showed no significant difference in the quality of life in mothers of adolescent girls between the two groups [P=0.94]; whereas, after the intervention the means of the quality of life in the case group and control groups were 60.13 +/- 4.20 and 54.46 +/- 7.09 respectively. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups in the mean of the quality of life [P<0.001]. In addition, paired t-test showed a significant difference before and after the intervention in the case group in the mean of the quality of life [P<0.001]. While, this difference was not significant in the control group [P=0.851]. Findings showed that the FCEM was effective in increasing the quality of life of mothers having adolescent with iron deficiency anemia. It is recommended that further studies be performed on the effectiveness of this model on other chronic diseases

[ effect of Family Centered Empowerment Model on mothers' QOL of girls under six years old with UTI]

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common chronic childhood disease, especially in girls under 6 years old. This chronic disease reduces quality of life of mothers. This study aimed to determine the effect of Family Centered Empowerment Model on mothers? QOL [physical dimension] with daughter of urinary tract infection.

Materials and Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted in Motahari Hospital between 1991-1992 year, with 60 mothers whom were eligible for entry into the study in two control and intervention groups. Research instrument consisted of "Perceived Threat", "Self-Efficacy", "Mother Efficacy", "Self-Control", "Locus of Control", "Cooper Smith Self-Esteem" and "SF36 Quality of Life Questionnaire". Content Validity Index, Content Validity Ratio and reliability with Cranach's alpha coefficients calculation were measured for instruments. Data were collected for mothers in intervention group in three phase [before, after and during the model performing] and four stages in intervention time. The mother's quality of life was assessed before, one and three months after empowering the mothers in intervention group. Data was analyzed by SPSS/18.

Findings: There was not significant differences in the empowerment and quality of life scores before intervention [P<0.05]. There was a significant difference between the two groups [intervention and control] after family centered empowerment model accomplishment [P<0.05].

Conclusion: Family Centered Empowerment Model could increase quality of life scores of mothers. It is suggested that this model use clinically for families with children with other chronic illnesses.

[Pathology of the principles and philosophy of education course in nursing doctoral degree: a qualitative study]

Philosophy of education is one of the epistemological domains of human science and one of the important courses in the curriculum of nursing doctoral degree. Quality of nursing education depends on the periodical assessment and improvement of this course. Therefore, the aim of this study was the pathological assessment of the principles and philosophy of education course in nursing doctoral degree. A qualitative design using a content analysis approach was used. Using a purposive sampling method, 11 doctoral degree students and 2 lecturers were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. Five categories were developed: educational planning, promoting motivational strategies, modification of the process of mutual evaluation, compliance of the content with philosophy and content compliance with students' needs. The main theme was the reform of the process of educational administration. Results of this study show the importance and necessity of review and revision of the principles and philosophy of education course. In order to improve the quality of this course, the course content should be designed based on the needs of nursing students to be applicable in education, research and practice

[Coping to retirement: a review article]

Retirement is combining with extensive changes in everyday life, opportunities, expectations, hopes and fears. Since retirement is a major event in the lives of many people and necessary to coping, it discussed as an important issue for health care professionals. The aim of this review article was exploration of coping to retirement. In this systematic review that was done during 2009-2011, we were collected and analyzed all studies and references in retirement and coping with retirement [Persian and English], without time limitation. This review study was carried out using ISI, MEDLINE and CINAHL database that cover a wide range of scientific literature and journals, the index published their research. Studies in Persian through electronic databases including the Scientific Information Database [SID], Database of Medical Sciences in Iran articles [IranMedex], Institute for Scientific Information and Documentation Iran [IranDoc], Country Information [Magiran] and [Medlib] and search engine [Google] search was performed with Persian words. In addition, offline search that were available in retirement, refer to the archive library journals, dissertations and books, references were also presented at conferences and resources. The results of this search was to obtain after primary investigate of 297 relevant references and finally among of 98 references that the most appropriate in terms of coverage of the subject with emphasis on various aspects of retirement and coping to retirement, were used for this article. These references include of quantitative and qualitative studies, books, and abstracts of research projects. The key concepts involve to coping in retirement include of: "Preparation", "Healthy", "Identifying" and "Supporting", that by precise identification, orderly and planned all the relevant studies can be helpful and effective in coping with retirement. Retirement coping is possible with emphasis on create preparation to retirement, identify of retiree, maintain healthy and enjoyment from supporting of family, leaders, organizations and community. Identify of this concept, creating of social positive attitude towards the phenomenon of retirement are the essential and necessary in coping to retirement

Development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale: an Iranian version

Patient empowerment can enhance the outcomes of care such as metabolic control as well as quality of their life. This study evaluates the Iranian version for development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale. Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale [DES-LF] were measured through a cross-sectional study. DES-LF was evaluated through a qualitative and quantitative study by 160 type 2 diabetic patients. Reliability and validity of the scale and its 3 subscales, namely, managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes [alpha=0.94], assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change [alpha=0.96], and setting and achieving diabetes goals [alpha=0.96] were approved by a psychometric analysis. Findings approved the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of DES-LF for patient education and psychosocial interventions among Iranian people with type 2 diabetes

[Investigating of the effect of familiarzation play on the injective procedural anxiety in B-Thalassemic pre-school children]

During Thalassemia, children should be under frequent blood injections to maintain their lives. The use of intra-vein cutters is one of the most prevalent and painful procedures, and children specially young children usually call it the most stressful aspect of their disease, hospitalization and even their outpatient visit. The present research is an investigation of the influence of familiarization play on the anxiety in the case of injection procedures for children before school age. The present study is a clinical experiment. The research sample consists of 60 Thalassemia children of 3-7 years old, possessing files in Thalassemia sections in Gilan Province. The participants were randomly divided into two groups [experimental group and one control group]. In the experimental group, a familiarization play was carried out for 10-15 minutes prior to the injection procedure. The instruments used in the research include: Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Scale of facial self report of anxiety, and the Questionnaire of child clinical fear self report. The analysis of the data was carried out through SPSS and the statistic test: chi-square, t-test, Mann-whiney and Wilcoxon sign. The data indicated that there was not a significant difference between the average scores of anxiety in the two groups prior to the treatment [P>0.05]. However, after the treatment, the statistic test Mann-whiney and Wilcoxon sign showed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in term of the average scores anxiety [P<0.05]. According to the research results, the treatment of familiarization play is influential on anxiety decrease resulted from the injection procedures in children. Therefore it is suggested that child nurses use the method of familiarization play in order to comfort of children with acute and chronic diseases who are frequently under treatment measures

[Retired nurses' experience from retirement: a qualitative study]

Retirement is a new phase in the life cycle and away to improve health and self-care and living conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of retired nurses in retirement time. This study was performed by qualitative design and content analysis method. Sampling was based on purposive and participants were 20 retired nurses that live in Semnan. In addition, participants had a BSc in nursing and 1 to 5 years of retirement time. However, they had different positions in various wards and hospitals with 23-30 years' of full-time experience. Data was collected through semi- structured interviews and the sampling ended when the data reached saturation. The main theme extracted from the data analysis was to identity the threat. Classes include "shock and disbelief", "hard separation of the work" and "frustration" that contained several sub-classes. The experience of retired nurses during the retirement was identity threat. Suitable retirement planning and effective interventions to improve existing conditions by authorities and managers of nursing, can prevent incidence of identity threat in retired nurses and provide health promotion and efficiency for nurses. Furthermore, findings of this study can provide and facilitate more future studies in this field

[ concept of health in elderly people: a literature review]

The elderly population is increasing day by day. So it is essential to attend to the health status of this age group for their health promotion and disease prevention. Accordingly having a clear definition of health concept in aged people is necessary. In this study, a comprehensive and in-depth narrative review was carried out by searching the data bases of SCOPUS, PUBMED, PROQUEST, SCIENCE DIRECT, ISC, IRANDOC, MAGIRAN with the key words of "health, the elderly wellbeing, health measurement, health assessment and health status" alongside with the words. "elderly, aging, old people" without limitation of years. the main approaches toward the concept of health according to available literature were medical and functional models. The medical models holds that physical examination is required for determining the health and wellbeing of elderly people and their health-related needs and the functional model proposes that the things expressed by an elderly can be the best index for their health status and their required supportive systems. It has been indicated that the perceived health by elderly people is a global and useful index which shows their health level and also interacts with social and biological components. The exploration of health and wellbeing among elderly people has a more mental nature than other age groups. Consequently, the investigation of wellbeing among the elderly must not only be restricted to its medical aspects

[Designing an adaptation model for retired nurses]

Increasing number of retirees and improved life expectancy has been resulted in increased retirement years. The status of Iranian nurses seems to be different from nurses in other countries; yet no model has been proposed regarding the adaptation of nurses with retirement. The aim of this study was to propose an adaptation model for retired nurses. It was a qualitative grounded theory study. The participants were 20 retired nurses from Semnan city who were recruited by purposeful and theoretical sampling. In the first stage data was generated by semi- structured interviews. Field notes were also used as data. Data collection and analysis by constant comparison was done simultaneously using Strauss and Corbin method. In the second stage, the model of adaptation with retirement was composed using the themes emerged in the first stage and literature review according to the Walker and Avant method. the proposed Model included some stages for nurses' adaptation with retirement: preparation for the experience of retirement, identity reconstruction strengthening, optimum use of supportive factors, attention to negative interactions, and providing facilities for a normal life. Since retirement is not a mono- stage, simple transition process, but is an adaptation process that occurs during time, the proposed model would help nurse retirees to control stressors and imbalances in their lives and adapt with retirement successfully

[Perspectives of retired nurses on factors that affect quality of nursing care]

Quality of health care services shows the degree of achievement of health outcomes. From ethical and legal perspectives, nurses should be responsible for quality of presented care. Retired nurses can help to elaborate real and valuable concepts related to effective factors on quality of nursing care due to their experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of retired nurses on factors that affect quality of nursing care in Semnan. In this qualitative content analysis method, 20 retired nurses were invited to the study using purposeful sampling. Data were collected mainly using semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out using content analysis. Findings of the study yielded to three significant themes including: 1] necessity of humanistic relationships; 2] suitable selection and education [3] planning and organizing nursing cares related to quality of nursing cares. Findings of this study explored perspectives of retired nurses on the effective factors on quality of nursing care. The three themes emerged in the study should be mentioned in planning programs

Analyses of some relevant predictors on self-management of type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetes is a life threatening illness in both developed and developing countries. Self-management in diabetes is a process which facilitates adoption of self-management behaviors. This process includes need assessment, goals setting and life experiences of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine some relevant factors on self-management among type 2 diabetic patients in order to facilitate planning intervention programs in health promotion field. This study was a cross sectional analysis which assessed some related factors of self-management as a predictor among 140 diabetic patients affiliated to an ambulatory health center in Isfahan in 2011. The tool of data collection was a multidimensional questionnaire included socio demographic and health characteristics [12 items], diabetes distress [17 items], self-efficacy [8 items], and self-management [35 items].Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software version 11.5 with using statistical tests. Findings showed that some variables such as age [p=0.004], duration of disease [p<0.001], sex [p=0.003], co morbidity [p=0.004], BMI [p=0.02], level of education; higher than diploma [p=0.02], medication treatment [p<0.001], health status [p<0.001], diabetes distress, [p<0.001] and self-efficacy [p<0.001] had significant relation with self-management. Predictors [R[2] = 46%]. Multivariate regression dedicated some variables such as age [6=-0.155, P=0.02], health status [6= 0.238, P=0.009], diabetes distress [6= -0.243, P=0.001], self-efficacy [6- 0.372, p<0.001] and BMI [6- - 0.17, P=0.01]. Adopting of self-management behaviors has significant reverse in relation to age, duration of disease, BMI, and diabetes distress. Meanwhile there was significant direct relation with health status and self-efficacy. Therefore, the best proposed regression model is decreasing diabetes distress and enhancing self-efficacy in order to plan intervention programs among type 2 diabetes patients

[Lived experiences of night work in nurses: a phenomenological study]

Night work creates widespread and complicated problems for nurses that effect on quality of care, nurses' and clients' health, safety and ability of work force retention. The aim of this study was to discover nature and structure of nursing experiences about night work. This study has been done with phenomenological method. Data were gathered from 9 night work nurses. Sampling was initiated purposeful and continued until data saturation. Data collection has been done by deep and unstructured interviews and data interpretation has been done through Collizi method. Site triangulation, sampling with maximum variance. Member check used for assurance rigor of this study. In this study, three clusters emerged; different nature of night work, out come of night work, coping with night work: struggle with life normalization were found. Night work could effects on health of nurses, safety of patients' and health systems. Efficient management and precise planning of night work is necessary to decrease negative out comes and effective coping of nurses. Therefore, attention to major role of family and manager ins important for nurse's coping

relationship between obesity and quality of life in school children

To determine relationships between healths related quality of life and body mass index in children aged 9-11 years old. This cross sectional study was conducted on 240 children 9-11 year olds who were selected via multi stage cluster sampling design from primary schools in the Shahre Qods of the Tehran, Iran in 2007. Pediatric Quality of Life inventory was completed by child self report with measured height and weight used to determine body mass index percentile/weight classification. Obesity was defined as body mass index [BMI] >/=95[th] percentile for age and gender and one way analyses of variance [ANOVA] was used for data analyses. Physical, social and school functioning was significantly lowered for obese when compared to normal weight children [P<.05]. The impairment in QOL in the community-based sample of elementary school children was less marked than clinical sample of obese. Obese children maintain emotional health. These results highlight the importance in considering dimensions of quality of life at further understanding obesity in children

[ effect of family-centered empowerment model on the quality of life of school-age asthma children]

Asthma is a common disease in children and decrease asthmatic child's quality of life and has main effects on family function.The nurse's roles to increase their quality of life. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate effect of family-centered empowerment model on asthma school-age children's quality of life. This is a Quasi-experimental study with cluster random sampling. 7 elementary schools from one of the 19 Tehran's areas selected randomly and these schools divided randomly into case group [4 schools] and control group [3 schools]. The data gathering tools was consisted of demographic information questionnaire and general Peds QoL and asthma Peds QoL questionnaire of child. Validity and reliability were done. Group discussion, demonstration and educational participation were used for empowered children and their parents.the questionnaires were filled by children and their parents in pre and post test. These were no significant difference before the intervention between the two cases and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics and Qol of children. While, independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups means of the general and asthma Peds Qol before and after the intervention. Also, the paired t-test showed a significant difference before and after the intervention in the case group in terms of the general and asthma Peds Qol [P<0.0001]. This study shows the effect of family-centered empowerment model on asthma school-age childrens quality of life and it is suggested that such a model be implemented on other age groups and in much more study population

[Assessing the effects of establishing a nursing commission of pain management on empowering nurses within pain assessment process]

Pain is often inadequately controlled for hospitalized patients specially children. There are barriers to pain assessment of hospitalized children such as lack of appropriate pain assessment tool, lack of specific regulations and policies and nurses' insufficient knowledge and skills. The present study aimed at determining the effects of establishing a nursing commission of pain management on empowering nurses within pain assessment process. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample of 64 nurses who were recruited in the study through cluster randomized sampling method. The samples were drawn from Emergency room, Surgery and Orthopedic units of Vali-e Asr Hospital as the control group and Imam Khomeini Hospital as the intervention group, in 2007. Data was gathered using questionnaires of demographic information; nurses empowering tools on pain assessment process of children [consisted of recognition of pain assessment, self reporting of quality and quantity of pain assessment, pain assessment measurement, checklist on skills of documenting pain assessment]. After taking pretest, nursing commission of pain management for nurses' empowerment was established, which followed by undertaking a post-test. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software [version 12]. Findings revealed that mean scores of nurses recognition of pain assessment was increased from 7.7 to 12.9 in intervention group and from 8.4 to 8.6 in control group. Regarding self reporting of quality and quantity of pain assessment, the values turned from 1.9 to 2.8 in intervention group and 2.1 to 2.2 in control group. Pain assessment measuring increased from 0.11 to 0.72 in intervention group and.10 to 0.10 in control group. Pain assessment documentation skill improved from 0.03 to 0.72 in experimental group while there were no changes in control group [0.03]. Nurses' empowerment was progressed significantly after establishing the pain management commission [P=0.01]. The results indicated that establishing pain commission increased nurse's competencies in assessing pain. Therefore, establishing the nursing commission of pain management in other hospitals is recommended to influence nurses' empowerment and children pain assessments, considering its effectiveness and inexpensiveness, with no need for new staffs and budget

[Obstacles to implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description in the pediatric hospitals]

The basic role of nurses is the restoration of health through care giving activities. The nurses can do all of their responsibilities if they are informed of duty description. One of the most important duties of nursing service head is to prepare staff nurses and to ensure their performance to achieve assigned activities. The aim of this study was to determine obstacles to implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description in the pediatric hospitals located in Tehran, Iran. This research was a descriptive study in which 63 staff nurse and nurse manager, working in pediatric hospitals, were recruited by proportional stratified random sampling. The research instruments were a demographic data sheet and self-report questionnaire about obstacles to implementation of professional duties. The mean age of the subjects was 33.92 +/- 8.92 years, the mean years of experience was 9.19 +/- 8.46, and the mean years of work experience in pediatric unit was 7.97 +/- 7.42. All the subjects were female, out of which 74.6% were staff nurses and the remaining were nursing managers. The results showed that the most important obstacles were, "the improper ratio of nurses to patients" [management dimension], "shortage of continuing and in-service education courses" [educational dimension], "the lack of space for doing professional duties" [environmental dimension], and finally, "inadequate recreational facilities for nursing personnel" [motivational dimension]. For overcoming the abovementioned obstacles, some strategies were developed and scored and finally, the most salient strategy, "establishing a national committee for review, reassessment and implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description" was considered to be executed

[ effect of the group counseling program on the status of primary dysmenorrhea, dietary condition and exercise in shahreyar girl's high school]

Background and Objective: dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent females. They may usually not seek professional expertise in their attempt to alleviate this condition. The aim of this Quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of group counseling program regarding to nutrition and exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents at high schools

Methods and Materials: eighty girls between 14-18 years of age were selected by simple sampling and divided into two groups [test and control]. These groups were studied before and after the intervention. Data was collected in both groups based on a questionnaire concerning 24- hour diet, pain quality and severity and nutritional and physical practices. Group counseling was then held over 8 sessions each of which lasted 1.5 to 2 hours for test group. Both groups were followed up for 3 consecutive menstrual periods by a self-report checklist. Finally, they were assessed again at the end of the above study periods

Results: findings of this study revealed a significant difference in pain severity of primary dysmenorrhea before and after the intervention [P=0.000]. A significant difference was also seen in nutrition and exercise status in both groups before and after counseling program [P<0.05]

Conclusion: from this study it can be concluded that in order to decrease and prevent the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and improve the nutrition and exercise status, counseling programs are better to be performed in high schools

Nursing students' and instructors' experience about nursing fundamental course: a qualitative study

The situations affecting teaching and learning nursing fundamental course may influence acquiring competencies in primary clinical skills. Several reasons have been mentioned for this problem. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences and viewpoints of nursing students and instructors on nursing fundamental course. This was a qualitative study using thematic analysis method. Fifteen nursing students, 4 nursing instructors, the head nurse of operating ward, and two nurses graduated from the university in which the study was performed, were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed. All interviews were transcribed, analyzed. Using thematic analysis, a significant number of preliminary themes and 7 main themes each having few other sub-themes, were extracted. The main themes included educational factors, not respecting the standards in performing the techniques, the gap between theory and practice, motivation, human resources, communications, management staff, equipments, and physical environment. These main themes and other sub themes have been explained in the main article using direct statements of study samples. The results of this study revealed problems in communication in educational environment and interaction between instructor and students as well as lack of motivation among nursing instructors and students. These are the main principles of the appropriate teaching and learning. It is recommended that nursing education administrators pay more attention to these aspects of educational process and remove the causing factors