[ frequency of recurrence of urinary tract infection [UTI] in 1- month to 12-year-old children without congenital abnormalities referred to Arak Amir Kabir hospital]

Urinary Tract Infection [UTI] is one of the most common diseases of childhood which may cause serious morbidity. We evaluated recurrence rate of UTI in children without congenital abnormalities who were at the age of 1 month to 12 years old. This cross-sectional study was carried out for three months after the termination of the treatment in order to determine the rate of recurrence and re-infection in children [sex segregationation] at the age of 1 month to 6 years and 6 to 12 years who did not have any anatomical or functional urinary abnormalities at Arak Amir kabir Hospital. In total, 250 patients [224 girls and 26 boys] were evaluated. 17 girls had recurrences, of whom, 2 cases [11.7%] were under 1 year old, 14 cases [82.2%] had 1 to 6 years old and 1 case [5.8%] was in the 6 to 12 years old group. In the first month there was no relapse and most recurrences occurred through the third month [65%]. All recurrences were symptomatic. Due to low rate of recurrence of urinary infection in our study group, repeated cultures and prophylactic treatments is not recommended in children and infants without underlying congenital renal abnormalities. In such cases, UTI can be prevented by effective trainings

Aetiology of dysentry in infants in infection ward of amir kabir hospital, arak, in 2010-2011

Background: Dysentery is one of the children's common disease for which various infectious and non-infectious reasons have been explained for it. Since determination of the cause especially with age segregation helps the experimental treatment, this study has been executed to establish relative 0frequency of dysentery causes and its comparison below and above the age of six months. Methods: This descriptive, sectional study has been executed on 50 below-six-month-old patients and 50 above-six-month-old patients both diagnosed with dysentery, held in the infection ward of Amir Kabir Hospital in 2010–2011. Faeces samples were taken for culture of Shigella, Yersinia, Salmonella, and E. coli, and serum samples were also taken for antibody against the Campylobacter, Yersinia, and allergy to cow milk protein; then results were analysed with SPSS. Results: In 60% of patients the cause could not be determined. In 12% of patients, faeces culture was positive, yet the positive faeces culture in two groups had no significant difference [p=0.053] 7% of antibody against Yersinia, and 14% against the Campylobacter was positive which was more significantly differed i above-six-month group than below-six-month group. Ten percent were allergic to the cow milk protein which was more significantly differed in above-six-month group than below-six-mont group. Conclusion: In more than half of the cases the cause to dysentery could not be identified, but the infectious reasons for above-six-month were double the below-six-month group. Campylobacter, and cow milk allergy was more common in the six-month group, and the frequency of Shigella and other infections in both groups did not have a significant difference. Keywords: Campylobacter, children, cow milk allergy, dysentery, Shigella

[Comparing the sacral ratio in children with various degrees of vesicoureteral reflux with children without reflux]

Children with reflux who fail prophylaxis management or reflux which do not resolve spontanously are candidates for sugery. Delay in surgery increases the development of new renal scars. Finding a modal factor for prediction of reflux resolution likelihood can decrease complications of treatments. Regarding that sacral bone anomalies have a direct influence on the final function of urinary and bowel systems, this study is done to investigate the relationship between sacral ratio and reflux. This is a case-control study. The case group included 76 children under 9 years old refered to Vali-e-Asr and Amir kabir hospitals clinics with urinary tract infection and according to VCUG results, children with III, IV and V grade VUR entered the study. The control group included 76 children with previous urinary tract infection and normal VCUG. Sacral ratio in the two groups was measured and was compared by student T, Chi2 and Mann Whitney tests. The case group included 24 males and 52 females with average age of 2.7 years old and the control group included 23 males and 53 females with the average age of 3 years. The percent of sacral ratio abnormality were 40% and 23.7% in the case and control groups respectively, which was significantly different [p=0.001]. The difference between the mean sacral ratio in case group with the value of 80% and the control group with the value of 84% was not different. The ratio distribution pattern in the two groups was not different. The percent of sacral ratio abnormality in children with vesicoureteral reflux were more than children without reflux

[ effectiveness of Hydrochlorothiazide on preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in idiopathic hypercalciuric children]

Idiopathic hypercalciuria [IH] has been recognized as a common disorder in childhood and is an important and common factor in formation of renal stones. Recurrent urinary tract infection is a clinical presentation of hypercalciuria. Regarding that Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in hypercalciuria treatment, therefore in this study we assessed the efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide in preventing recurrent UTI in hypercalciuric girl patients. This research was a single blind randomized clinical trial. 100, 1 to 12 years old girls, who were followed by pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic in Vali-Asr and Amir Kabir hospitals, with the diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria and at least two urinary tract infections in year, were included in study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal group. First group received a general preventive treatment consisted of a liberal fluid, urination every 2 hours, reducing dietary salt intake, washing genitalia from front to back, wearing cotton loose underwear and complete urination. In second group, in addition to the general treatment, Hydrochlorothiazide was used with initial dose of 1mg/kg/day in a morning dosage. Then, urinary tract infection recurrence in two groups was assessed by student T test. All patients who received Hydrochlorothiazide were normocalciuric. In each group, incidence of UTI non recurrence was 34% [17 cases], that was not significantly different. This study rejected the presence of hypercalciuria treatment effect in preventing recurrent urinary infection. Therefore, the association between UTI and IH needs to be closely studied with the attention to eliminate confounding factors

[ effect of clinical research center, on clinical researches of Arak University of medical science]

Performing correct research in different aspects of community as well as medical sciences can be a way to resolve many problems. In order to create a systematic knowledge of research method in academic members of Arak University of medical science and enabling them in providing proposals and performing researches, a clinical research center was developed. This study is done to investigate the effect of this center on improving clinical researches in the University. This is a HSR, before and after, interventional study in which, clinical academic members of Arak University of medical science were evaluated. First the information of the pre intervention period was gathered [jan2002-jan2004]. Then the intervention was done in the form of development a research center in Vali-Asr hospital, performing serial research workshops, research conferences, research consultations and planning data bases during a 2 years period. Again data was gathered and then compared to those of pre intervention period. The comparison of pre and post intervention periods showed that in pre intervention period from 38 proposals 30 and in post intervention period from 89 proposals 76 were approved by research committee of the University. In the two pre and post intervention periods 14 [46.6%] and 50 [65.8%] of accepted proposals were clinical respectively. Also from the view point of quality, 11 and 15 proposals were HSR, 2 and 22 clinical trials and 8 and 8 descriptive, respectively. The number of published articles in first period was 45 and in second 84. Presented articles in internal and external congresses were 33 and 59 in the two periods overally, which 25 and 51 articles were presented in the country and 8 and 8 in abroad congresses, respectively. Regarding the results it seems developing research center in this University and other similar Universities can have a significant effect on the process of clinical researches