[Sensitivity and features of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid [VIA], as a screening test for cervical cancer]

Due to high false negative results of Pap smear, investigators are trying to design alternative tests for screening. One such option is Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid [VIA]. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of VIA as an alternative screening test for cervical cancer prevention. This is a prospective study on 401 based on demographic questioner, three separate Pap smear, referred to alzahra hospital Gynecology clinic. All the patients were given questionnaires of demographic characteristics and then underwent 3 separate tests [Pap smear, VIA and colposcopy] simultaneously. If colposcopic evaluation was abnormal, a sample biopsy was taken. The gold standard test is considered to be colposcopy-directed biopsy. Upon data collection, they were analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 14. As shown, 12 had abnormal Pap smear, 39 with positive VIA and 11 had abnormal colposcopy. Sensitivity of VIA was found to be 72.7%, and specificity 92.1%.Pap smear detected 83.3% CINI, 66.6% CIN III, 50% Invasive cancers whereas VIA detected 50% CINI and 100% CIN III and invasive cancers. Both tests yielded 3 false negative results. The number of false positives was higher for VIA. VIA is a more powerful screening test than Pap smear but its detection ability for CIN I is lower, compared with Pap smear. In order to minimize false negative results, we propose combination of VIA and Pap smear

[Survey the ratio of random urine protein to creatinine and 24 hours urine protein as a alternative method for diagnosis of preeclampsia]

Abstract Introduction: Preeclampsia is the most common complication of pregnancies and one of the three major causes of maternal mortality. So diagnosis of disease and minimizing the complications on mother and newborn is very important

Objective: Determine the association between the ratio of random urine protein to creatinine and 24-hour urine protein in women with suspected preeclapmsia who referred to Alzahra hospital

Materials and Methods: Sixty women with suspected preeclampsia at>20 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively. The ratio of protein to creatinine and 24-hour urine protein was obtained. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation and ROC curve

Results: Thirty five percent of the studied population had significant proteinuria. There was a significant moderate correlation between the ratio of protein to creatinine and 24-hour total protein [r=0.511, p-value< 0.0001]. The area under the curve was 82% [%95 CI, 0.72-0.93]. The data suggest that a cut-off equal or more than 0.22 has the most sensitivity, specifity, and predictive value

Conclusion: According to the results, the ratio of random protein to creatinine was not moderately correlated with the standard test of 24-hour urine protein and can not be performed as the alternative method for diagnosis of preeclampsia

[A review of screening for gynecological cancers]

An early diagnosis of gynecological caner is a life saving measure in ensuring a woman's health. It is important that the current knowledge about screening and timely diagnosis of premalignant and malignant conditions are ensured for physicians, the necessity of widespread use of screening is due to its high sensitivity, specificity, low cost and its noninvasiveness. Cervical caner is one of the gynecological cancers where screening programs have resulted in a reduction in morbidity and mortality secondary to this disease, in endometrial cancer, as the patient usually reports during the initial phase of the disease; screening is only useful in the high risk group. Ovarian cancer is another gynecological caner in which considerable research is going on to find an appropriate screening Techniques. In this article we would discuss the varying screening techniques available for gynecological caners