Reduced anti-Miillerian hormone [AMH] in mares with hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles

Anti-Miillerian hormone [AMH] has been observed to decrease with the development of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles [HAFs] in mares. Two studies were conducted to evaluate AMH concentration in mares with HAFs compared to seasonally anoestrous and cyclic mares, and to elucidate changes of AMH with the development of luteinised unruptured follicles [LUFs]. In study 1, AMH and progesterone were evaluated in seasonally anoestrous, anovulatory [with HAF] and cyclic mares [at mid luteal phase]. In study 2, mares in control and LUF groups were treated with 1500 IU/case hCG when they had a >/=32-mm follicle and an endometrial oedema score of three [day 0]. Mares in the control group received no further treatment. Mares in the LUF group received 1.7 mg/kg flunixin meglumine at the time of hCG administration, and 12, 24 and 36 h after it. Ultrasonography and blood collection for AMH and progesterone measurement were performed on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8. In study 1, AMH concentration was lower in seasonally anoestrous and HAF mares than cyclic mares [P<0.05]. Progesterone concentration did not differ between HAF and cyclic mares [P>0.05]. In study 2, AMH was not different between LUF and control mares [P>0.05]; however, progesterone had a lower concentration and a delayed rise after hCG administration in LUF mares compared with the control group [P<0.05]. The results indicated that similar to seasonally anoestrous mares, AMH concentrations decreased in mares with HAFs. LUFs were also found to be functionally different from HAFs

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of a 5-day intrauterine infusion of 6% Eucalyptus globulus oil solution on mares with experimentally induced endometritis with Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Endometritis is one of the major causes of infertility in mares. The present study was conducted to evaluate intrauterine infusion of Eucalyptus globulus oil as treatment for mares with experimentally induced endometritis. Mares [n=8] were synchronized using two injections of PGF 2alpha [10 mg]14 days apart. All mares were inoculated with a live culture of 5 × 10[6] CFU S. zooepidemicus in the dioestrus phase after the termination of oestrus. The day of inoculation was considered as day 0 of the experiment. On days 3, 6 and 9, cytological and bacteriological specimens were collected to determine endometritis. Mares were randomly assigned to two groups on day 10. Mares in treatment [n=4] and control [n=4] groups received intrauterine 6% Eucalyptus oil solution [100 ml] and intrauterine saline solution [100 ml] for 5 consecutive days. Cytological, bacteriological, and ultrasonographic evaluations were implemented at days 15, 17 and 19 [1, 3 and 5 days after termination of intrauterine treatment, respectively]. The number of mares diagnosed with endometritis, the depth of their intraluminal uterine fluid and the number of infected mares did not change by the treatment [P>0.05]. In conclusion, the 5-day intrauterine infusion of 6% E. globulus oil solution failed to treat experimental endometritis in mares

Relationship between in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of bovine subclinical mastitis isolates and treatment outcome in lactating dairy cows

The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between in the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test results of subclinical mastitis pathogens and bacteriological cure following intramammary treatment using a combination of nafcillin, penicillin, and streptomycin [NPS]. Eighty-six intramammary pathogens from 43 cows were examined in this study. Most intramammary infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliforms, and environmental streptococci. The antibiotic sensitivity to NPS was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriological cure rates for sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates in the standard treatment group [3 intramammary infusions of NPS once daily] were 84.44, 88.9, and 100%, respectively. These figures in the extended treatment group [6 intramammary infusions of NPS once daily] were 100% for the 3 categories. Bacteriological cure was not associated with the sensitivity test result. Based on this study, Kirby-Bauer sensitivity test results were not useful as predictors of the bacteriological outcome of subclinical mastitis treated with intramammary NPS

Conventional and extended intramammary therapy of persistent subclinical mastitis using nafcillin-pencillin-dihydrostreptomycin in lactating dairy cattle

The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of conventional and extended intrammamary [IMM] therapy of persistent subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle using nafcillin-penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin combination [NPD]. Sixty-five dairy cows with 126 infected quarters were enrolled in the study. Infected cows were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 different treatment regimens: [1] conventional group: NPD administered IMM 3 times at 24-h intervals [20 infected cows, 43 intramammary infections [IMI]], [2] extended group: NPD administered IMM 6 times at 24-h intervals [23 cows, 43 IMI], and [3] untreated control group [22 cows, 40 IMI]. The overall bacteriological cure [BC] rates for subclinical IMI were 86.04%, 100%, and 20% for the conventional, extended and the control groups, respectively; indicating a higher BC rate [P<0.0001] for the treated groups than the control group. Significant difference [P=0.029] concerning the BC rate was also observed between the extended and the conventional groups. Significant difference [P=0.0021] in somatic cell count [SCC] was detected between the extended and the conventional groups. Significant difference [P=0.0021] in somatic cell count [SCC] was detected between the extended and the control group. Fat percentage increased in the conventional [P=0.029] and in the extended [P<0.0001] groups, and protein percentage increased only in the extended group [P=0.0016]. There was no significant difference in posttreatment milk production between the groups [P>0.05]. Results of this study indicate that NPD therapy was effective in eliminating subclinical IMI in lactating dairy cows, and that extended therapy enhanced BC rate and reduced SCC

Relationship between in vitro susceptibility of bovine subclinical mastitis isolates and bacteriological outcome of intramammary treatment with cefquinome

The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results of subclinical mastitis pathogens and bacteriological outcomes of intramammary treatments using cefquinome. A total of 110 intramammary pathogens from 51 cows were assessed in this study. Most intramammary infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, environmental streptococci, and coliforms. The antimicrobial susceptibility to cefquinome was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriological cure rates for the sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates in the standard treatment group [three intramammary infusions of 75 mg cefquinome at 16 h intervals] were 82.4%, 90%, and 87.5%, respectively. These figures in the extended treatment group [six intramammary infusions of 75 mg cefquinome at 16 h intervals] were 83.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Treatment outcomes were not associated with the results of sensitivity tests in the standard group. However, in the extended group, the probability of a bacteriological cure was lower in quarters from which cefquinome-sensitive pathogens were isolated than the quarters from which intermediate or resistant pathogens were isolated. Based on this study, the Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test result is a poor predictor for the bacteriological cure of subclinical mastitis treated with intramammary cefquinome