[Comparison of human papilloma virus genotypes in patient with leukoplakia and mild dysplasia and health persons by polymerase chain reaction]

Early detection of malignant and dysplastic lesions has been an aim for clinicians. Although leukoplakia is not associated with any special hystopathologic diagnosis, it is considered as a premalignant or precancerous lesion. Human Papilloma virus especially HPV16 and HPV18 has been detected in many oral leukoplakia lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of HPV and its genotypes 11, 16, 18, 30s and 50s in common leukoplakia, oral hairy leukoplakia, mild dysplasia and compare it with healthy mucosa. Ten samples of each lesion were prepared and fixed in paraffin blocks. After DNA isolation, PCR was done by chelex-100 method. The results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact test with P Value of 0.05. Seven out of 10 common leukoplakia and OHL, 1 out of mild dysplasia and healthy mucosa were HPV+. Double comparison by Fisher exact revealed that there was a significant difference in frequency distribution of HPV between OHL and healthy mucosa [p=0./01] and also between OHL and Mild dysplasia[p=0./01].The difference between frequency distribution of HPV and of common leukoplakia and healthy mucosa[p=0./01],also between common leukoplakia and mild dysplasia [p=0./01] was significant, the difference between other groups was not significant. Results of the study suggest that there is no significant correlation between infection of HPV subtypes in the evaluated lesions. In other words, no significant relationship was shown between the infection of special subtype of HPV and common leukoplakia, OHL and mild dysplasia. According to the findings of this study, HPV probably has a role in the pathogenesis of leukoplakia.To investigate the role of various subtypes of this virus in leukoplakia lesions, further studies with more samples are needed

[Comparative evaluation of Candida albicans mean colony count in smokers and non-smokers]

Cigarette smoking may affect saliva, oral commensal bacteria and fungi, mainly Candida that causes oral candidiasis. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of Candida colony count in smokers and non smokers based on clinical and preclinical findings. This case control study recruited 72 subjects, 36 smokers and 36 non-smokers who were selected after a primary clinical examination and completion of a questionnaire. The saliva was collected by spitting in sterile test-tubes after tooth brushing. Samples were transferred to a lab for culture and colony count. The colonies were counted after 48 hours and results were analyzed by using T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean number of colonies in smokers was 140 and in nonsmokers were 67.25. This finding shows that the mean number of colonies in smokers is significantly higher than non-smokers [P=0.01]. Also, there was a significant relationship between the number of daily cigarette smoked and the number of colonies [P=0.039, r=0.346]. Another finding of this study showed that the number of colonies increased with age among smoker's group [P=0.039, r=0.346]. There was no significant relationship between the number of colonies and age in nonsmokers [P=0.822, r= 0.039]. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that, there is a direct relationship between cigarette smoking and increased growth of Candida in the mouth of smokers. It was also demonstrated that, the higher the number of cigarette smoked, the higher was the number of Candida in the mouth

prevalence of tongue abnormalities among the school children in Borazjan, Iran

Tongue is one of the most important organs in the oral cavity which has significant roles in different functions such as speaking, mastication, swallowing, breathing, etc. The tongue may be influenced by internal diseases sooner than other organs and also may be involved in some abnormalities that some are developmental and some of them are genetical and environmental. This study has been performed to measure the relative frequency of tongue anomalies in students in Borazjan city and to determine the relations of age and gender with these anomalies. With randomized stratified clustered sampling, 1540 students were selected from primary, guidance and high school. Then these students were examined. Examination was performed with the natural light in the quiet and relax condition. Lips and cheeks were retracted with abslang and disposable mirror. The results were analysed with chi-square statistic test in SPSS. The prevalence of all tongue anomalies was 34.3% [geographic tongue 4.8%, fissured tongue 11.8%, ankyloglossia 5%, median rhomboid glossitis 1.75%, and hairy tongue 0.8%]. The prevalence of tongue anomalies in this study is near to the results of some past studies but is different with some others. This study showed that tongue anomalies are more prevalent in males than in females but the difference between them was not statistically significant. This study also showed that the rate of tongue anomalies was not related with age

[Oral appearances in patients with diabetic type I]

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome in -which energy metabolism equilibrium is disturbed due toloss of secreted insulin or fault in it's function. The result is abnormal metabolim of carbohydrate proteinand fat. Numerous oral soft tissue lesions were reported in diabetic patient. The goal of this study was tocompare the relative frequency of oral manifestation in diabetic patients [type I] in diabetic research centerwith normal community of Isfahan.This experimental study was of case-control type. Popualation in which the study was conductedconsisted of 96 diabetic patients and 96 healthy individuals who were relatives of diabetic patients accompanyingthem. Simple sampling method was used as the method of sampling Data were collected from research center byexamining diabetic and control group. Data were then registeried in preformed check lists and statisticallyanalyzed.Data showed that relative frequency of irritation fibroma, fissure tongue, traumatic ulcers, xerostomia, glossodynia and Candida related ulcer was 6.2, 21.9, 8.4, 57.3, 9.4 and 6.2 percent respectively. Their frequencyin control group was 21, 9.4, 3.1, 16.6, 3.1 and 2.1 per cent respectively.There was statistically significant differences between frequency of these lesions and casecontrol group. Comparing results of this study with the study of Guggenheim indicates that prevalence ofthese lesions in our case group was higher than his study group finally further study is suggested todetermine the etiology of this high prevalence in our study group

[Evaluation of HBs-Ab in Isfahan Dental students admitted in 1997 after receiving 3 doses of vaccination]

Hepatitis B virus is the most important factor of liver disease in the entire world. And due to unknown infected people carrying hepatit B virus, Physicians and dentists face the danger of becoming infected therefore they should be aware of signs and symptoms of the disease and at the time of examination or treatment procedure essential precautions must be taken. The best way of immunity is vaccination at the interval of [0-1-6] months. Even after vaccination in some of the individuals HBs-Ab doesn't form. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HBs-Ab in the blood of the dental students admitted in 1997, after receiving 3 doses of vaccination and reasons for declining concentration or not forming HBS-Ab at all after three doses of vaccination. Five cc of blood per students was taken and sent to the laboratory and after serum separation and keeping it at tempreture -80c, ELIZA test, with the help of special kits [Biokit] was used to calculate Ab titer and other information such as: Age, sex, weight, time of vaccination and type of vaccination history of any systemic disease and hepatitis at the time of blood taking was also collected. Results of this study showed the average antibody titre is 279.25 +/- 205.62 and the maximum amount is 565. 50 mlu/ml and minimum is 19. 70 mlu/ml. And also the amount of antibody titer is inversely proportional to age and weight but had no relationship with sex and time of vaccination. And due to the same type of vaccination and not having any systemic disease or hepatitis these factors had not any effect in our study. Considering that 10 mlu/ml of antibody or more can induce the complete immunization against the disease and the students had high antibody titer, we conclude vaccination would be very effective