[Evaluating the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasonography for endometrial abnormalities in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding]

Abnormal uterine bleeding [AUB] is a common and serious problem in women of late reproductive age and an indication for endometrial biopsy as an invasive method. On assessing AUB, in some cases, even with the observation of normal thicker endometrium in ultrasonography, abnormal biopsy is reported. Thus, this study was carried out to assess the role of measuring endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography as a screening tool for premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. In this diagnostic study, 154 premenopausal women with AUB referred to Naghavi Clinic of Kashan University of medical sciences during 2010-11. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to assess endometrial thickness before the Pipelle endometrial biopsy at the first day of menstruation. The biopsies were then sent to a pathologist unaware of the results of transvaginal ultrasonography and finally, the Roc curve was utilized to determine the best cut-point. Forty-eight out of 154 cases [31.2%] had abnormal endometrium [hyperplasia 23.2%; polyps 3.9%; and asynchronous 3.9%]. The reported thickness of endometrium with the sensitiveity and specificity of 76.2% and 41.1% [PPV=33.6%, NPV=82.1%, LR+=1.29 and LR- =0.58] was 7 mm. Although endometrial thickness of

Factors influencing probation in graduated students of kashan faculty of nursing and midwifery

One of the major problems in educational systems is students' probation during their course of study. With regard to the importance of identifying factors affecting the incidence of probation, this study was performed to determine the status of incidence of probation and its related factors in all graduated students of Kashan Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. All graduated students of Kashan Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery [n=1174] during the years 1981 till 2003 were selected through census in this cross-sectional study. The data was gathered by a questionnaire including demographic information and probation status [probation records, probation semester, and the number of probation semesters]. Incidence of probation was calculated and odds ratio and difference percentage were used for analyzing the status of probable related factors. Probation record was argued in 46 students [3.9%] that 26 of them [2.2%] were probated just for one semester, 11 of them [0.9%] for two semesters, 8 of them [0.7%] for three semesters, and, 1 of them [0.1%] for four semesters. The utmost frequency was related to the second academic semester and then, the first semester. The average score of high school diploma and age were different in probated and not probated graduated students. The most expectancy of probation risk was related to master program and nursing discipline. Demographic features, educational background, and admission criteria are among factors affecting probation. Therefore, with regard to their role, it is necessary to identify at risk students and support them