effect of oral administration of pregnant cow's milk on male rat's spermatogenesis

Background: Nowadays, infertility is one of the major problems of human societies

Objectives: To study oral administration of bulk milk and milk of late pregnant cows on spermatogenesis of male rats

Methods: The first group of rats from day 1 of pregnancy until the end of lactation and then their male pups to maturity were treated with late pregnant cow's milk. The second group from day 12 of pregnancy up to 15 days after delivery was treated with late pregnant cow's milk. The third group of rats from day 1 of pregnancy until the end of lactation and then their male pups to maturity were treated with bulk milk. The fourth group from day 12 of pregnancy up to 15 days after delivery was treated with bulk milk. Rats in the control group during the study period were only fed with special food of rats and at the end viability, types of movement [progressive and in-place movement, immobility], number of sperms and also the serum testosterone level were elevated

Results: Administration of both types of milk had no effect on in-place movement and also viability of sperms of experimental groups but they could cause a significant increase in sperm immobility and a significant decrease in number of sperms of experimental groups. Also,the level of serum testosterone of experimental groups was significantly re-duced in comparison with control group [p<0.05]

Conclusions: Overall, it was determined consumption of late pregnant cow's milk and bulk milk when it contains high estrogen can cause changes in some sperm species that are involved in male reproduction

[Molecular and histopathological findings on induced pulmonary lesions by bovine viral diarrhea virus]

The bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV] is one of the bovine respiratory system pathogens that represses lungs immunity and raises the pathogenicity of other bacteria and viruses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of BVDV in lung tissue. In this study, 30 bovine lung tissues were used. Histopathologic analysis showed different lesions in lung tissues. RT-PCR test results and histopathologic observations were studied for each sample and compared. Kai Square Test was used to study any possible association between the existence of BVD virus and incidence of four common lesions: 1- Interestitial pneumonia, 2- bronchitis and bronchiolitis, 3- edema, emphysema and atelectasis and 4- bronchopneumonia. If the assumptions of X2 test were not applicable, the Fisher Exact Test was used. The RT-PCR test for BVDV results was positive for 10 lung samples. 5 BVD positive cases were involved with interestitial pneumonia, while 10 BVD negative cases were not affected. Finally, in the studied lung tissues, only the 3 + degree or severe interstitial pneumonia was significantly associated with the existence of BVD virus. No significant relation was seen regarding other possible lesions, which may have resulted from the probable roles of bacteria or other viruses and toxic factors that were not studied in this project

[Study on P53 gene alterations [5 and 6 exons] in bovine urinary bladder tumors]

P53 is a tumor suppressive gene which frequently mutates in tumors of animals and human. This gene commonly mutates in urinary bladder tumors of human beings. Urinary bladder tumors have occurred in cattle with bovine enzootic hematuria [BEH]. The aim of present study was to evaluate P53 mutations in 15 samples of different bovine urinary bladder tumors by the PCR-SSCP technique. Fifteen paraffin embedded blocks were selected from different kinds of bovine urinary bladder tumors. DNA was extracted from the samples and PCR was done by using specified primers for 5 and 6 exons. After electrophoresis, the PCR products were assessed by the SSCP method, and samples with changes in electrophoresis patterns were selected and sequenced. Results showed that there are intronic alterations of the P53 gene in cattle with urinary bladder tumors. There were no changes in the electrophoretic pattern of exons 5 and 6, but on each side of the designed primers for exon 6, there was a part of introns 5 and 6. The samples, including Hemangioma, Papilloma and Carcinoma in situ with electrophoretic changes, showed nucleotide T deletion with number 9332 in intron 6 after direct sequencing. Intronic mutations can be a predisposition for developing cancers. It is possible that some of urinary tumors are inducted by P53 mutations in intronic zone

[Clostridium perfringens type a related enteritis: a case report in dogs]

On June 2010, in Tehran province 7 out of 82 dogs in a kennel, showed clinical signs of enteritis which resulted in death [n=5]. Clinical findings were diarrhea, dysentery, fever, depression, neural sings and sudden death. Necropsy findings revealed hemorrhagic enteritis, catarrhal gasteritis, multifocal necrosis up to 0.5 cm in diameter in cerebral cortex with hyperemia and hemorrhage. Necropsy was done on 4 cases and intestinal contentes were cultured to characterize Clostridium perfringens type using PCR. Rapid test antibody for parvovirus and distemper virus showed that 2 out of 4 puppies were positive against distemper virus. According to nonsuppurative encephalitis, gliosis, intranuclear inclusion bodies in astrocytes, packed cell volume, interstitial pneumonia and positive reaction to distemper virus it can be concluded that primary distemper disease has been followed by, hemorrhagic enteritis and diarrhea as a secondary infection to Clostridium perfringens type A

Abattoir study of the prevalence of renal lesions in slaughtered cattle

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of renal lesions in cattle that were slaughtered at the Ghaem [Shahriar] and Ziaran [Ghazvin] abattoirs. A total number of 405 clinically normal cattle were randomly selected and renal samples were taken for histopathological study. The cattle were divided into two groups according to sex, and female groups were divided into two age groups [heifer and cow]. Thirty-five [8.6%] out of the studied animals had renal lesions including interstitial nephritis, cysts, glomerolonephritis, acute tubular necrosis [ATN], pyelonephritis, amyloidosis, leukosis hydronephrosis and unilateral renal aplasia. Interstitial nephritis was the most common observed lesion [85.7%]. The prevalence of renal lesions in female and male cattle were 8.5% and 9.4%, respectively, which was not a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of renal lesions in cows and heifers were 10% and 2.8%, respectively [p<0.05]. It is concluded that age is more important influence factor on renal lesion than sex

[Histhopathological study of brains in aborted fetuses of sheep, goat and cattle and their possible etiologies]

The histopathological findings include as following: Gliosis [52%], Neuronal necrosis [37%], Perivascular cuffing [5.4%], hyperemia and hemorrhage in cerebral tissues [32.9%], hyperemia and hemorrhage in meninge[19.2%], prevascullar and preneuronal edema [52%], Meningial edema [16.4%], Vacuole in neurons [2.7%], Vacuole in neuropil [8.2%], protozoal cyct [5.4%]. Frequency of fetal brain lesions consists of: meningitis [9.6%], encephalitis [50.7%], [nonsuppurative encephalitis 38.3%, suppurative encephalitis 12.3%], meningoencephalitis [8.2%], Encephalomalacia [1.4%], congenital anomalies [6.8%][hydrocephaly and hy dranencephaly]. Non purulent encephalitis was the most common lesion in fetal brains that could be caused by viral and protozoal agents. 71% of non-supporative encephalitis consisted of multifocal necrotic encephalitis which are mostly caused by protozoa. The etiology of abortion should be considered in future studies

[ study on pathologic changes in sheep experimentally infected with Babesia ovis]

Macroscopic and microscopic lesions of experimentally induced ovine babesiosis with Babesia ovis.Experimental study.Twelve 1 to 2- year -old native breed sheep [Chall]. Babesiosis was induced by intravenous injection of Babesia ovis. These sheep were negative for babesial infection before the experiment. Six of them were splenectomized. Clinical symptoms were recorded and serological and hematological examinations were carried out. Four seriously affected sheep [three splenectomized and one intact] were necropsied and macroscopic lesions were recorded. The tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5micro, and stained with H and E, Giemsa Gener's and PAS for histopathology. Grossly, the liver was enlarged and dark brown in color and gallbladder was distended with watery bile. The kidneys were dark with cortical petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages and moist on cut surface. Numerous subepicardial petechial hemorrhages were present. The lymph nodes were edematous and hemorrhagic. Gross examination of the CNS revealed edema and congestion of the brain and meninges. The lungs were diffusely congested and edematous. The cut surface of these organs was moist and the tracheal and bronchial lumina contained a large amount of frothy, pinkish edema fluid. The blood was thin and watery. Some carcasses were icteric. Histopathologic examination revealed focal necrosis, lymphoplasmocytic pericholangitis and cholangiohepatitis and canalicular cholestasis in liver. Proliferative glomerulitis, congestion of glomerular capillaries and ischemic acute tubular necrosis was present. Lymphocytic epicarditis and endocarditis, lymphohistiocytic myocarditis together with zenkers necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers and hemorrhages were observed. Severe edema, mild lymphocytolysis and hemorrhagic lymphadenitis were present. Perineuronal and perivascular edema and status spongiosis were noticed in brain. Microscopically, acute alveolar edema and interstitial neutrophilic and macrophages infiltration were present. Congestion of skeletal muscles was also present.These findings indicate that the disease is more complex than a simple syndrome of intravascular hemolysis. The intense visceral congestion and pulmonary edema suggest that death may be partly due to circulatory shock associated with accumulation of toxins, release of vasoactive substances and anemic anoxia

Nephrotoxicity of isosorbide dinitrate and cholestasis in rat: the possible role of nitric oxide

Background: nitric oxide [NO], a major chemical form of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and an important regulator of vascular tone, is released by endothelial cells. The role of NO is not restricted to the vascular system, and it participates in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and renal excretory function. There are increasing evidences indicating that the elevated levels of NO play a primary pathogenic role in the glomerular injury and renal failure

Objectives: we sought to investigate the renoprotective or nephrotoxic effects of various doses of isosorbide dinitrate as an exogenous model, and induction of cholestasis as an endogenous model of NO overproduction on renal function and structure

Methods: parameters such as plasma and urine p-nitrophenyl- N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG]-activity, urea and creatinine levels were measured

Results: urea, creatinine and NAG-activity in rats treated by different doses of isosorbide as well as in cholestasis induced rats, were higher than control group. This elevation was significantly pronounced at higher doses of isosorbide

Conclusion: no overproduction would be nephrotoxic due to oxidizing products of NO, peroxynitrite anion [ONOO-], formed by the reaction of NO and superoxide radical [O2-]

histologic evaluation on tissue reaction to three implanted materials [MTA, root MTA and Portland cement Type I] in the mandible of cats

Statement of Problem: Nowadays Mineral Trioxide aggregate [MTA] is widely used for root end fillings, pulp capping, perforation repair and other endodontic treatments. Investigations have shown similar physical and chemical properties for Portland cement and Root MTA with those described for MTA

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tissue reaction to implanted MTA, Portland cement and Root MTA in the mandible of cats

Materials and Methods: Under asepsis condition and general anesthesia, a mucoperiosteal flap, following the application of local anesthesia, was elevated to expose mandibular symphysis. Two small holes in both sides of mandible were drilled. MTA, Portland cement and Root MTA were mixed according to the manufacturers, recommendation and placed in bony cavities. In positive control group, the test material was Zinc oxide powder plus tricresoformalin. In negative control group, the bony cavities were left untreated. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the mandibular sections were prepared for histologic examination under light microscope. The presence and thickness of inflammation, presence of fibrosis capsule, the severity of fibrosis and bone formation were investigated. The data were submitted to Exact Fisher test, chi square test and Kruskal Wallis test for statistical analysis

Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the degree of inflammation, presence of fibrotic capsule, severity of fibrosis and inflammation thickness between Root MTA, Portland cement and MTA [P>0.05]. There was no statistical difference in bone formation between MTA and Portland cement [P>0.05]. However, bone formation was not found in any of the Root MTA specimens and the observed tissue was exclusively of fibrosis type

Conclusion: The physical and histological results observed with MTA are similar to those of Root MTA and Portland cement. Additionally, all of these three materials are biocompatible. However, in order to replace Root MTA and Portland cement type I as less expensive and suitable substitutes for MTA, more longer- term studies with larger number of samples are suggested

[Survey on the clinicopathological changes in experimental infestation to Haemonchus contortus in sheep]

Objective: study on haematological and biochemical parameters and pathologic changes in experimental infestation to Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Design: experimental study

Animals: fourteen lambs, 5-6 months old [Two as egg donors, eight for experimental infestation and four as control]

Method: for experimental infestation, eight lambs [5-6 months old] that had no worm infestation were selected and 50000 of thirdstage larvae of Haemonchus contortus were fed to each of them. Four other lambs [control group] received placebo. In order to study the development and clinicopathologic changes, daily stool and blood samples were taken, weight was recorded, lambs were examined for clinical symptoms and slaughtered on days 12,21,35 and 60 post infestation [PI]. Abomasal pH was meseared and microscopic sections were prepared

Statistical analysis: results were analysed by ANOVA, Duncan and "t" test

Results: no clinical symptoms were found in the animals during this study however the body weight, monitored during 60 days PI indicate a difference between live weight in the treatments. Statistically significant differences were observed in haemoglobulin, concentration, haematocrit, white blood cells count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, total protein, albumine, alpha globulins, and calcium between control and infested groups [P<0.05]. Both infested and control groups had no differences in serum phosphorous, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, beta globulins and gama globulins levels [P<0.05]. The comparison between infested and control sheep abomasal pH showed an increased pH in affected sheep. Abomasal necropsy findings were inflammation associated with mononuclear cells and eosinophilia. Lymphoblastic and follicular inflammation were seen in micrspcopic study

Conclusion: infestation to Haemonchus contortus were causes remarkable changes in haematological and biochemical parameters