[Effect of group motivational interviewing on quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer and permanent ostomy]

Introduction: Ostomy patients are involved in physical, emotional, social and many other problems. The problems will disrupt the normal process of living and quality of life. These patients experience Lower quality of life according to their special problems. In this situation the proper training and appropriate interventions can effect on improving the quality of life of these patients. The goal of this study was Determination of the effects of group motivational interviewing and quality of life with a permanent ostomy

Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with two groups before and after sampling aimed based sampling on 70 patients with colorectal cancer and permanent ostomy was performed in Ostomy Association of Iran and Surgery clinic of Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2013. Intervention based on practical book of motivational interviewing was performed with a nurse [researcher], psychologist knowledgeable in Motivational interviewing [as a group facilitator] and ostomy nurse in two groups of 12 and a group of 11 patients. The data gathering tool in this study was Quality of Life Ostomy patients Questionnaire of Hope City that was measured before intervention and one month after. Data were analyzed using the software SPSS 20 and Tvsyqy paired t-test, t- test and then analyzed with Mann - Whitney U Test

Finding: The results of this study showed that the motivational interviewing significantly increases quality of life of the intervention group in post-test [mental health, [p<0/005], social health [p<0/008], spiritual well-being [p<0/003] and physical health [p<0/002]. also there is a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in components of self-esteem, psychological, social and spiritual health

Conclusion: the implementation of "motivational interviewing" makes a significant difference in the quality of life of patients with cancer of colon and permanent ostomy. So implementation of this procedure improves the quality of life of patients with ostomy

[Iranian women's understandings of menopause and cultural scenarios]

Women perceive menopause differently. Beside biological changes, women experience menopause based on the cultural scenarios. The qualitative research presented here is about how Iranian women perceive menopause within cultural scenarios. Data was collected during 4 focus group sessions and 6 individual in-depth interviews of women aged 40 years and older. Informants were selected from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sessions were facilitated by using a semi-structured inventory focus group. Content analysis was adopted using combined free and analytical coding to reduce data, to extract meanings, to categorize domains and to obtain themes. We categorized our findings into four main domains: gender role, the changes in socialization, social interactions and supporting resources. Descriptions of the later domain are going to be reported in subsequent manuscript. The women's understandings of menopause are shaped based on the specific cultural scenarios. Menopause recognized as a factor which changes women's life line. Meanings as 'Loosing femininity' and 'changes in women's roles in the community' describe women's gender role, social interactions and changes in the socialization throughout the menopause years. The women's misconceptions, accumulated myths, and ignorance about femininity were evidenced based on narratives. The majority of women raised 'role change' as an important determinant in social interactions. Gender role changes as well as women's socialization patterns have forced women to accept loosing femininity as a reality. Developing comprehensive and culturally sensitive health services to address women's needs in the climacteric years is suggested

[Randomized prospective trial comparing a 48 hour infusion to a five-day infusion of octreotide in patients with acute variceal bleeding]

Background: to compare the efficacy of a 48 hour infusion of octreotide with a five-day infusion to prevent rebleeding and mortality at one week and one month in patients who present with acute esophageal variceal bleeding

Materials and Methods patients who presented to Emam Hospital of Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences that were diagnosed with acute variceal bleeding were commenced on octerotide [50 micro g bolus] followed by a continuous infusion of octerotide at a rate of 50 micro g/h. All patients underwent emergency endoscopy within eight hours of admission. Only patients diagnosed with bleeding due to esophageal varices that were treated with endoscopic variceal band ligation were randomized to the study. Patients in group A continued the octerotide infusion for 48 hours and those in group B continued octerotide for a total of five days. Rebleeding and mortality was defined according to standard recognized criteria

Results a total of 70 patients were randomized, of which 35 were assigned to group A and 35 to group B. Primary hemostasis was achieved in all patients. The mean age of patients in group A was 45.4 years and in group B, it was 46.3 years. There was no rebleeding within one week, however there were three patients who rebled in group A and 2 from group B within one month, which was not statistically significant [p=0.62]. The overall effect was not significant between the two treatment groups. In terms of mortality, within one week the p value was 0.14, whereas it was 0.56 at one month

Conclusion as there is a significant difference in terms of cost, need for infusion pumps and duration of patient stay if octerotide is to be given for a duration of five days, our data suggests that octerotide can be given for 48 hours with no differences in terms of rebleeding and mortality

[Review the proportion of university seats with body dimensions of students at the School of Public Health of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 1388]

Educating of students that have the ability to solve society problems, is considered as the most important task of universities. This important issue is achieved through effective education in a safe and stress free environment. Proper design of classroom seats proportional to anthropometric characteristics of students not only can improve academic quality but also prevent musculoskeletal disorders. In addition it may encourage students to practice correct sitting habits. This study was conducted to check the correlation of physical dimensions of students and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder with educational chair dimensions that provided by companies. This descriptive - analytical study was performed on 115 students of 18 to 27 years. 15 anthropometric parameters with sitting on the chair were measured by anthropometry page and anthropometric caliper gauge. Dimensions of two Types of seats provided in the classrooms were compared with the standard seat dimensions. Comparison of dimensions confirmed that seat dimension and students dimensions correspond with one another only in elbow length parameter and other parameters were not correspondent with each other. T-Test showed that there are significant differences between girl and boy parameters. Comparison of the results of measurement of physical dimensions and chair dimensions with results of emotional dissatisfaction questionnaire and body map chart showed that plastic chair is better then wooden type in term of comfort., chair kind and slope of back rest, and in using plastic chairs students do not have to change their sitting postures; however, due to incorrect design of foot rest and high effective depth of sea, discomfort and pain in lower limbs is higher in plastic chairs when compared with wooden chairs

[Effects of health education on oral health through role playing and painting on awareness and function of children]

Statistical surveys indicate that the rate of dental decay among primary school goers in Qazvin province is about 82.2% for permanent teeth and 83.3% for milk teeth. This was a semi-experimental interventional study to improve the knowledge and practice of 80 children [31 boys and 49 girls] aged 9-11 years. Educational planning was delivered through indirect new methods of education including role playing and painting. Data were collected before and after intervention by a fixed questioner and further analyzed by means of two statistical tests including t-test and chi-square test. The results of this study was indicative of a significant difference between the knowledge and practice of children before and after the intervention [p<0.05]

[Comparing countries share in 37 international health journals [2008]]

Several researches have been conducted regarding the inequity in scientific production between the developed and developing countries. A variety of several reasons have been proposed to justify this gap among those the most important ones is the inadequate development of research capabilities and infrastructures. One of these capabilities is associated with the publication of research journals or contribution to their publication as a member of editorial board. This study was aimed to explore the share of different countries in editorial board of international public health journals in access to these opportunities for capability development as well as having as impact on the process of decision making regarding the publication of scientific papers. This paper reports a quantitative research conducted on 37 English language international journals associated with different fields of public health in 2008. A purposeful sampling method was implemented. Data were analyzed using the Excel discipline analytic software. Our data showed that there is a significant inequality between different countries in terms of contributing to international public health journals. Only 52 countries, half of which known as developed countries, were demonstrated to have the opportunity as a member of editorial board to influence the decision making process regarding the publication of a piece of research. The USA was found to have the highest share in occupying the different positions in editorial board of these journals. However, the share of developing countries was shown to be little. Considering the ratio of opportunities to the population size of countries, a wider gap associated with the distribution of inequality was revealed. Filling the gap between the developed and developing countries regarding the health and education requires a serious move towards providing the equity in access to capability development in health research

[Comparison between local anesthetic effects of Tramadol and Lidocaine used subcutaneously in minor surgeries]

Recent studies have shown that Tramadol has local anesthetic effects in addition to its classical analgesic effect. In this study, the local anesthetic and postoperative analgesic effects of Tramadol were compared with those of Lidocaine in minor surgeries under local anesthesia. If the efficacy of Tramadol in this regard is proven, it will make considerable advances in the local anesthetic area. In this random double-blinded clinical trial study, seventy patients aged between 20 to 50 in ASA physical status of I and II underwent subcutaneous block for minor surgeries. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg/kg of Tramadol [group T, n=35], or 1 mg/kg of Lidocaine 2% [group T, n35] subcutaneously. The mean degrees of pain sensation were recorded on the VAS [visual analogue scale 0-10] during injection, incision, and every 15 minutes at the 15th, 30th, and 45th minutes after the incision, and then every two hours at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours postoperatively in the ward. The data were analyzed using repeated measures and Chi-square. When the VAS of pain during surgery exceeded 4, an additional 0.5 mg/kg of the study drug was injected. The patients with the VAS of 4 or more were advised to take Acetaminophen 325 mg if necessary. There were no significant differences between the pain score of the two groups during injection, incision, surgery, and postoperative time [p=0.181]. Additionally, no significant differences were found in local skin reaction [p=0.104], bleeding quantity [p=0.112], additional dose of local anesthetic [p=0.48], and incidence of vomiting [p=0.114]. The incidence of nausea [0%] in group L and [22.8%] in group T, showed a statistically significant difference [p=0.002]. In group L, need for Acetaminophen to control their pain was higher than in group T. Tramadol 2 mg/kg has equal local anesthetic and postoperative analgesic effects like Lidocaine 1 mg/kg for minor surgeries performed subcutaneously. Therefore, it is recommended that Tramadol can be used as an alternative drug to Lidocaine in local anesthesia because it is able to decrease the demand for postoperative analgesics