comparison of hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume in gestational Diabetes Mellitus women and healthy women

Screening methods of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] diagnosis is controversy. The survey of relation between GDM and its risk factors helps to determine screening methods. This study was performed to find weather the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] is influenced by higher hemoglobin [Hb] level and mean corpuscular volume [MCV] before 14 weeks gestation in GDM women and healthy women. In this case-control study, 33 pregnant women with GDM in case group [diagnosed according to the Carpenter and Costan criteria] were compared with 33 pregnant women in control group without GDM after 24-28 weeks' gestation. Data were gathered using a questionnaire and a data registration form by interview and biophysical methods. The data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics [Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, two samples Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, and Pearson correlation coefficient]. There was no significant difference between two groups in demographic factors and medical history. T-test showed a significant difference between the amount of Hb in the control group [13.23 +/- 0.078 gr/dl] and the case group [12.23 +/- 0.70 gr/dl] before 14 weeks gestation [P<0.001]. There was no significant difference between MCV level in two groups [P=0.294]. Also MCV level before 14 weeks' gestation was 86.92+ 4.51 fl in the case group and 85/56+5/84 fl in the control group. The result showed that GDM women had higher Hb level than the control group before 14 weeks' gestation. It seems that a high maternal Hb in the first trimester is a risk factor for GDM and it can be used for screening and diagnosing of GDM. Also more investigations of the logic of routine iron supplementation in pregnant women who have a high level of Hb are suggested

[ effects of breast feeding on pain of injection in newborns]

Pain control in newborns is one of the important tasks, which produced many controversies in pediatric medicine. Nowadays, it is proposed the usage of non-pharmacologic pain control methods. This study has been done to investigate the effect of breast feeding on pain control in newborns. A clinical trial was designed to evaluate analgesic effect of breast-feeding during injection of hepatitis B vaccine. 130 newborns had been referred for hepatitis B vaccination, were selected from Mirza Kochak Khan Hospital, Tehran, Iran. After describing the procedure was described the testimonial was took from parents. They were divided randomly in two groups. In cases group, feeding was begun two minutes before injection and continued for 45 seconds. In the control group injection was made without breast feeding. Pain assessment was performed with Douler Aigue Nouveaune [DAN] scale. In the case group 35.4% of newborns got 4 points and no one got more than 7 points according to DAN scale. In contrast the control group 32.4% got 8 points or more and no one got less than 3 points. The mean of pain severity in case group was 3.5 and in control group was 6.7 and it show significant difference according to Mann-Whitney U test [p<0.0001]. This study shows that breast-feeding can significantly reduce pain in newborns. Therefore, we suggest this simple method generally for all painful procedure to prevent the development of possible permanent psychological effects in newborns