RESUMO
Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a heterogeneous group of rare, chronic, progressive and systemic inherited disorders resulting from deficiency or lack of lysosomal enzymes responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Products of nitrosative stress have been previously detected in blood and urine samples of patients with MPS. However, it is unclear whether they are present in the saliva of MPS patients and also if they correlate with salivary parameters such as flow and pH. This study compared the salivary levels of NOX (NO2- + NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), protein (albumin), erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers, as well as the salivary flow rate and pH values of samples obtained from 10 MPS patients and 10 healthy subjects. MPS patients exhibited higher salivary levels of NOX and NO2- when compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Albumin was only detected in six saliva samples of MPS patients and, erythrocytes and leukocytes were detected in 60% and 40% of the MPS patients, respectively. In addition, salivary flow rate and pH averages were statistically lower in this group when compared to healthy samples (p < 0.05). Overall, the data indicates that the salivary levels of NO products can be used in combination with other heath indicators to monitor MPS disorders.
RESUMO
Asma é uma doença que atinge cerca de 10% da população mundial. Devido a tamanha proporção populacional afetada, é essencial que os profissionais da saúde conheçam os processos de sensibilização da asma, e também as cascatas de sinalização que são iniciadas depois da manipulação de um medicamento. Com o intuito de auxiliar o ensino desses processos farmacodinâmicos foi desenvolvido um simulador que apresenta ao estudante todo o processo de sensibilização e também permite que o estudante simule a administração de diferentes medicamentos a fim de avaliar as cascatas de sinalização que foram iniciadas. Este simulador foi avaliado por 65 estudantes, os quais atribuíram uma nota média de 8,46 pontos em um intervalo de 1 a 10. Isso demonstra que o uso de simuladores pode auxiliar no processo de ensino/aprendizagem dos efeitos farmacodinâmicos no tratamento da asma.
Asthma is a disease that affects about 10% of world population. Because the asthma is a disease that affects such population proportion, is essential that health professionals know the asthma awareness processes, and also the signaling cascades that are initiated after the holding of a drug. In order to complement the teaching of these pharmacodynamic processes was developed a simulator, which presents to the student the whole process of awareness, and this simulator allows the student to simulate and administer different drugs in order to assess the signaling cascades that were started. This simulator was evaluated by 65 students, which gave a grade point average of 8.46 points in a range of 1 to 10. This demonstrates that the use of simulators can help in the teaching/learning process of pharmacodynamic effects in asthma treatment.
El asma es una enfermedad que afecta a unos 10% de la población mundial. Debido a la proporción de la población afectada, es esencial que los profesionales de la salud conozcan los procesos de sensibilización para el asma, y también las cascadas de señalización que se inician después de la manipulación de un medicamento. Con el fin de complementar la enseñanza de estos procesos farmacodinámicos se desarrolló un simulador que presenta al estudiante todo proceso de sensibilización de la asma y también permite al estudiante simular y manipular diferentes medicamentos con el fin de evaluar las cascadas de señalización que se iniciaron. Este simulador fue evaluada por 65 estudiantes, lo que dio un promedio de 8,46 puntos en un rango de 1 a 10. Esto demuestra que el uso de simuladores puede ayudar en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de efectos farmacodinámicos en el tratamiento del asma.