Frequency of gingival display during smiling and comparison of biometric measurements in subjects with and without gingival display

To determine the frequency of gingival display during smiling and to compare biometric measurements in subjects with and without gingival display. Cross-sectional study. Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2012 to March 2013. A total of 275 subjects [121 men and 154 women] were included in this study. The age of the participants ranged between 21 and 65 years. Measurements were carried out using digital caliper. For each participants, the gingival display was judged as either visible or not. The amounts of horizontal and vertical overlap of anterior teeth were measured using a digital caliper. Gender differences in these parameters and the relationship between subjects showing gingival display when smiling and the two intraoral dental biometric measurements were determined. Statistical analyses of data were performed using SPSS version 17.0 software. The mean scores for gender were calculated and a Student's t-test was used to identify significant differences between both groups. Significant level was set to 0.05. A relatively small percentage of the subjects [37.8%] displayed gingiva when smiling. More women significantly displayed gingiva when smiling than men, with a 2:1 female: male ratio. Women had significantly [p=0.001] more horizontal overlap [3.34 +/- 1.45 mm] than men [2.90 +/- 1.44 mm], although no significant gender difference were found in vertical overlap. Subjects with gingival display had significantly [p < 0.05] more horizontal [3.49 +/- 1.36 mm] and vertical [3.26 +/- 1.47 mm] overlap of anterior teeth compared to those who did not display gingiva when smiling. Significantly more women displayed gingiva in smiling. Women had significantly more horizontal overlap than men. No gender differences were recorded between vertical overlap. Subjects who displayed gingiva when smiling had more horizontal and vertical overlap of anterior teeth

mean visible labial length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest

To determine the mean visible labial length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest. Cross-sectional study. Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2012 to March 2013. A total of 200 subjects were included. Measurements were carried out using digital caliper from the border of the lip to the incisal edges of incisor and to the cusp tip for the canines. The length of the upper lip was measured from subnasale to stomion. Statistical analyses were performed by Mann Whitney-U test and Kruskal Walli's test. The age of the participant ranged between 20 and 65 years. At rest, females significantly displayed more of the maxillary central incisor [2.93 +/- 1.57 mm; p=0.003], lateral incisor [1.87 +/- 1.12 mm; p=0.005] and canine [0.59 +/- 0.62 mm; p=0.031]. With increasing age, the amount of maxillary anterior teeth visible at rest significantly decreased [p < 0.001], and increased for the mandibular teeth [p < 0.001]. Subjects with shorter upper lips significantly displayed more maxillary anterior incisor structure than subjects with longer upper lip [p < 0.001]. Females displayed significantly more labial length of the maxillary anterior teeth. The mean visible labial length of maxillary anterior teeth significantly decreased with increasing age and increased for the mandibular teeth. As the upper lip length increased, the mean visible labial length of maxillary anterior teeth significantly decreased

Vaccination status of children aged 1-5 years in labour community

Objective: to determine the vaccination status of children aged 1-5 years

Material and Methods: mothers of children aged 1-5 years coming to pediatrics outpatient department were interviewed according to pre designed questionnaire. The data then complied was interpreted at the end of study

Results: results of our study showed 59% of children received full course of vaccination. 9% we're not vaccinated at all. 32% of children received 1-3 doses of vaccination but did not complete the course

Conclusion: immunization coverage of children in Pakistan is still around 60%. Our effort needs to be intensified to reach the poor children living in far off areas