Screeining of hepatitis "B" and "C" in hemodialysis unit in Al-Thawra general modern hospital, Sana'a 2005

To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection among hemodialysis unit patients and staff. Furthermore, to study the characteristic of patients and risk factors to exposure. Cross-sectional descriptive study of 123 patients in hemodialysis unit of Al-Thawra General Modern Hospital and 20 staff of this unite in the period starting from February 2005 till the end of October 2005. The ratio of men to women in this study was 2:1, while men to women ratio who got infection was 2.2:1. The mean age was 39 years with high incidence in the age group of 30-50 years. Thirty nine percent of the patients were positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies, while 8% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, and 17% were positive for both. Thirty eight percent of the patients were in active stage have raised [SGPT] enzyme as a marker. The percentage among staff members in this department was 15%. All of them were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen [two doctors and a nurse], non were positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies. This study showed that hemodialysis is a risk factor for contracting viral hepatitis with increase in the frequency of exposure and duration of the dialysis. There were other risk factors like blood transfusion, injections, level of education, exposure to surgery, but with lesser risk than hemodialysis per se. Increase percentage of infection with hepatitis C by 10 folds and double that one with hepatitis B of the general population. Reevaluation of regulations and rules must be reconsidered. Staff must be well-trained and educated about measures to avoid infection and to be vaccinated against hepatitis B infection

Effect of chewing khat in changing circadian rhythm for acute myocardial infarction patients in Sana'a city and it's role as a risk factor for acute myocardiac infarction in Yemen

Although the risk factors for acute MI were studied thoroughly in different countries worldwide, few studies in our country had been done, and cover only limited aspects of acute myocardial infarction [MI], for this reason we start this study to determine the general characters and risk factors of Yemeni patients presented with acute [MI]; and to highlight on the possible role of Khat chewing as potential risk factor for [MI] in our country in addition to its possible effect in changing its circadian rhythm. The study was prospective; hospital based descriptive study including all patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute MI to the 3 main general hospitals in Sana 'a city in the period from 1 October 2005 to 30 September 2006. Name, age, gender, residence, habits, time of onset of chest pain and previous history or family history of ischemic heart disease [IHD] was taken. Body mass index [BMI] and blood pressure were recorded, fasting lipid profile and blood sugar were measured. The data was collected and then analyzed using SPSS system. During the study period, 264 patients were admitted with a mean age of 50 years, all of them were married with predominant male gender 84%. Risk factors observed in our study were Khat chewing in 90.15%, smoking in 72%, hypertension in 21%, obesity in 15.96%, hyperlipidemia in 27%, diabetes mellitus [DM] in 24% and past history of ischemic heart disease was found in 13%. We notice that the onset of chest pain in most of our patients was in the afternoon 34% and early night hours 24%, which is opposite to the usual circadian rhythm of acute Ml in other parts of the world which is predominant in the early morning. Yemeni patients sustained acute MI are younger than western people or even other Arab countries. Common risk factors as hypertension, DM and hyperlipidemia were noticed only in minority of our patients. Smoking is a common risk factor after Khat chewing habit which was proposed as new risk factor. Circadian rhythm of acute MI in Yemen is differing from other part of the world