Effect of some adenosine compounds on smooth muscles of the sheep bladder osteius ovis L

Purines have widespread and specific extracellular ignaling actions in the regulation of a variety of functions in many tissues of both invertebrates and vertebrates. The effect of some adenosine compound on sheep bladder smooth muscle contraction induced by KCl and Ach was investigated invitro. Preperations were prepreated with adenosine or ATP be for agonist exposure. It was found that adenosine inhibited K- induced contracture and enhanced Ach- induced contracture. These actions were blocked by Pi antagonist theophylline. The results also show that ATP potentiated both KCl and Ach induced contracture. Theses actions antagonized by P[2] receptor antagonist Quinidine. These results suggest that blader smoth muscle may have A[j], A[2] and P[2x] receptors

Effect of some adenosine compounds on smooth muscles of the sheep bladder Osteius ovis L.

Purines have widespread and specific extracellular signalling actions in the regulation of a variety of functions in many tissues of both invertebrates and vertebrates. The effect of some adenosine compound on sheep bladder smooth muscle contraction induced by KCI and ACh was investigated invitro. Preparations were prepreated with adenosine or ATP befor agonist exposure. It was found that adenosine inhibited K- induced contracture and enhanced Ach-induced contracture. These actions were blocked by P[1] antagonist theophylline. The results also show that ATP potentiated both KCI and ACh induced contracture. Theses actions antagonized by P[2] receptor antagonist Quinidine. These results suggest that blader smoth muscle may have A[1], A[2] and P[2x] receptors

Ultra-histochemistry of carboxyl ester hydrolases in the gray matter of rabbit spinal cord

The ultra-histochemistry is a new technique that can give an idea about the anatomical and functional differentiation between cells within a tissue. The study is designed to demonstrate the activity of B- esterase in the alpha motor-neurons of the spinal cord of rabbit. Alpha naphthyl butyrate is used as a substrate for demonstration of the activity of B- esterase in the alpha motor-neurons of the spinal cord of rabbit, using light and electron microscopy for visualization. A higher activity of B-esterase was evident in alpha - II cells in comparison to the alpha - I cells by light microscopy. The details of functional significance and Ultra-structural localization of the enzymes within these cells were visualized by electron microscopy. The nuclear envelope and to a lesser extent the cytoplasm showed B-esterase activity. It is suggested that B-esterase has chemotrypsin like action and play a role in the metabolism of certain neurotransmitters

Power spectrum analysis and conventional electromyogram in duchenne muscular dystrophy

A comparative study of automatic electromyogram analysis [power spectral analysis] and manual measurements of the individual motor units potentials parameters in normal and Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients was performed to assess the diagnostic yield of both methods. The analysis of 20 motor unit potentials elicited at weak effort manually by visual assessment and by power spectrum analysis at 1400 Hz Haning window were performed with concentric needle electrode in the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior. The study includes 18 healthy controls and 32 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. The primary diagnosis of the patients was based on the clinical criteria, family history and serum creatin kinase activity estimation. Seventeen patients were biopsied for further histological and histochemical examination. The conventional electromyogram of the patient group characterized by condensed, low mean amplitude of the recruited pattern and an increase in the percentage of polyphasic potentials of short duration and low amplitude in comparison to the normal subjects. About 74% of the patients were identified as myopathic patients with this method. Power spectrum analysis showed significant increase [P<0.0005] in the mean power frequently and the relative power at 1400 Hz and a significant decrease [P<0.0005] in accumulated power. About 95% of the patients were identified as being myopathic patients by this method. Statistical correlation analysis revealed no relationship between the power spectrum analysis and motor unit potentials parameters. The electromyogram power spectra was shifted to the higher frequencies in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients as compared to the control. The diagnostic yield of the electromyogram power spectrum analysis was higher than the measurement of the motor unit potential parameters. The best parameter of the electromyogram power spectrum is the relative power at 1400 Hz than the other two parameters. The net result of this study is that the electromyogram power spectrum has diagnostic possibilities in the muscles, which showed normal, or few motor unit potential changes

Growth chart for normal children in Baghdad

Growth charts were plotted depending on the measurements derived from 4558 children [birth-l5 years] collected randomly from different sectors of Baghdad. Boys were significantly heavier than girls at birth, 5,6 and 15 years, while girls were heavier at the age of 11 years. Lengths were the same in boys girls at birth

Electromyographic and nerve conduction velocity studies in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

Eighty-six median nerves from 60 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were examined by electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies in the Neurosurgical Hospital Baghdad. The aim of the study was to find a neurophysiological scale to evaluate the degree of peripheral nerve damage by this syndrome. The study showed prolonged sensory latencies in 86%, and distal motor latencies in 76.7% of the affected median nerves, while there was a decrease in the sensory nerve conduction velocities in 76.7% and motor nerve conduction velocities in 9.3%. Fourteen thenar muscles [16.3%] showed clear evidence of neuropathy. A scale of six grades [0-V] was developed which combines the various parameters that were studied. In this study a positive relationship was found between the duration of symptoms and the neurophysiological changes in patients with a short history [less than 6 months]

Electrophysiological investigation of tremor in thyrotoxic patients

Shaking of the hands is a well recognized sign of many diseases, among them thyrotoxicosis, which is called thyrotoxic tremor. The present study was carried out to understand the mechanism of tremor and to find whether there is a pattern of wave form specific to thyrotoxic tremor. The technique utilized the use of the accelerometric method of recording. The results obtained showed clearly that the amplitude [at three different positions] and the frequency of the tremor waves were significantly higher than that of normal physiological tremor. The tremor waves also showed a special pattern at the rest position of the hand. This was characterized by the presence of a burst of activities which was absent in normal subjects