Guidelines for prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma with integrated Chinese and western medicine / 中国中药杂志

The Guidelines for prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma with integrated Chinese and western medicine are put forward by Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and approved by China Association of Chinese Medicine. According to the formulation processes and methods of relevant clinical practice guidelines, the experts in clinical medicine and methodology were organized to discuss the key problems to be addressed in the clinical prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma(CRA) and provided answers following the evidence-based medicine method, so as to provide guidance for clinical decision-making. CRA is the major precancerous disease of colorectal cancer. Although the prevention and treatment with integrated Chinese and western medicine have been applied to the clinical practice of CRA, there is still a lack of high-quality guidelines. Four basic questions, 15 clinical questions, and 10 outcome indicators were determined by literature research and Delphi questionnaire. The relevant randomized controlled trial(RCT) was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and 2 clinical trial registries, and finally several RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The data extracted from the RCT was imported into RevMan 5.3 for evidence synthesis, and the evidence was evaluated based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations(GRADE). The final recommendations were formed by the nominal group method based on the evidence summary table. The guidelines involve the diagnosis, screening, treatment with integrated Chinese and western medicine, prevention, and follow-up of colorectal adenoma, providing options for the clinical prevention and treatment of CRA.

Childhood blood pressure trajectory and its association with overweight and obesity / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the childhood blood pressure (BP) trajectory and its relationship with overweight and obesity, to provide evidence regarding prevention and control of childhood elevated BP.@*Methods@#A total of 1 177 children who participated in five surveys of Zigong school based cardiometabolic risks survey. Elevated BP was defined by using National BP reference for Chinese children. Groupbased trajectory model was used to identify distinct BP trajectories. Logistic models were conducted to investigate the association of number of overweight/obesity across surveys with BP trajectory.@*Results@#In the five consecutive waves, the corresponding prevalence of elevated BP was 1.9%, 6.6%, 7.0%, 12.5% and 11.2%. Childhood BP trajectory were classified into constant low and high increasing risk of elevated BP groups. The risk of elevated BP increased at a steady rate with age in constant low risk of elevated BP groups, while the risk of elevated BP increased dramatically with age in high increasing risk of elevated BP groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that those with increasing number of occurrence of overweight/obesity tended to be classified into high increasing risk of elevated BP group( OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.17-1.53, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Blood pressure trajectory during childhood varies. The risk of elevated BP increased dramatically with age in overweight and obese children. Attention should be paid to the BP trajectory of overweight and obese children to prevent elevated BP.

Detecção de áreas vulneráveis ​​ao escorpionismo e sua associação com fatores ambientais em São Paulo, Brasil / Detection of areas vulnerable to scorpionism and its association with environmental factors in São Paulo, Brazil

Accidents caused by scorpions are considered a neglected condition and represent a major health problem in most tropical countries, especially for children and elderly people. In Brazil, scorpionism is recurrent in the southeast region, mainly in the state of Sao ˜ Paulo, due to the progressive increase in scorpions found in urban habitats. Thus, our study aimed to provide better insights into the geographic and epidemiological characteristics of scorpion envenomation in Sao ˜ Paulo state and identify the environmental factors that are associated with these accidents. This is an ecological and retrospective study with secondary data on scorpion accidents in the state of Sao ˜ Paulo from 2008 to 2018 obtained from the Notifiable Disease Information System. The SatScan software was used to identify the higher- and lower-risk spatiotemporal clusters. A total of 145,464 scorpion sting cases were recorded in the state of Sao Paulo, between 2008 and 2018; there was a four-fold increase in the incidence rate. Accidents occurred more frequently in the spring season, wherein higher-risk clusters were in the north and northwest regions of the state. High temperatures, low precipitation, and poor natural vegetation are associated with higher risk areas. Our study mapped vulnerable areas for scorpion accidents that can aid in the design ofefficient public health policies, which should be intensified during the spring season.

When to think about a Lachesis muta envenomation in the Western Brazilian Amazon: Lessons from a case report

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Amazon, envenomations by lancehead pit vipers prevail across the region, while bushmaster (Lachesis muta) envenomations are rarely confirmed. Here, we described a moderate snakebite, diagnosed as a lancehead pit viper envenomation upon admission and treated with four vials of Bothrops antivenom. Blood remained unclottable for 4 days of hospitalization. On day 4, after admission, the patient presented pictures of the perpetrating snake to the hospital staff, which was identified as a Lachesis muta specimen. After administering 10 vials of Lachesis antivenom, blood became clottable 12 hours after treatment. The patient was discharged without complaints.

Association between childhood abuse experiences and health risk behaviors among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the association between childhood abuse experience and health risk behaviors among college students, providing references for childhood abuse and health risk behavior prevention.@*Methods@#During Mar. to Apr. of 2016, 918 college students from 2 universities in Nanchong city were selected through cluster sampling, the survey included general demographic characteristics, childhood abuse experiences and health risk behaviors. Chi square test was used for univariate analysis, and Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.@*Results@#A total of 720(78.43%) of participants reported at least one type of health risk behaviors, overeating was the most common type[595(64.81%)]. The number of adolescent reporting smoking, drinking 5 or more beers at a time, fighting and suicidal ideation was 146(15.90%), 271(29.52%), 224(24.40%), 205( 22.33 %), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a significant positive association between experiencing at least one kind of childhood abuse and the behaviors of fighting, suicidal ideation, and overeating; between childhood emotional neglect with smoking and suicidal ideation; between childhood emotional abuse with fighting, suicidal ideation, and overeating; and between childhood sexual abuse with smoking( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Health risk behavior in college students is popular. Childhood abuse can increase the risk of health risk behaviors of college students.

Implication of Tityus apiacas (Lourenco, 2002) in scorpion envenomations in the Southern Amazon border, Brazil

Abstract Herein, four cases of scorpion stings caused by Tityus apiacas recorded from the municipality of Apuí, in the southern region of the Brazilian Amazon, are described. Patients showed systemic clinical manifestations, described as unusual, involuntary, and generalized tingling and numbness, reported by patients as an electric shock sensation, lasting up to 24 hours after the sting. All patients described local pain and sensation, along with other clinical symptoms including local edema and erythema. Systemic manifestations were not life threatening. Antivenom therapy was administered to all patients, who were discharged without complaints.

Exenatide improves type 2 diabetes concomitant with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / Exenatide melhora o diabetes tipo 2 de ocorrência concomitante com doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exenatide on blood glucose, body weight and hepatic enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventeen patients with T2DM and NAFLD were randomly divided into exenatide group and metformin group. Patients were treated with exenatide and metformin, respectively, for 12 weeks. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, HbA1c, FPG, 2-h PPG, ALT, AST, γ-GT, and hs-CRP were significantly reduced, and the AST/ALT ratio and adiponectin were markedly increased in both groups. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, 2-h PPG, ALT, AST, γ-GT, and hs-CRP were markedly lower, and AST/ALT ratio and adiponectin in the exenatide group were dramatically higher than in the metformin group. CONCLUSION: Compared with metformin, exenatide is better to control blood glucose, reduces body weight and improves hepatic enzymes, attenuating NAFLD in patients with T2DM concomitant with NAFLD.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos do exenatide sobre a glicose sérica, peso corporal e enzimas hepáticas em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2 (T2DM) e doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Um total de 117 pacientes com T2DM e DHGNA foi aleatoriamente separado em dois grupos, um tratado com exenatide e um tratado com metformina. Os pacientes foram tratados por 12 semanas. RESULTADOS: Após 12 semanas de tratamento, o peso corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura-quadril, HbA1c, FPG, glicose pós-prandial, ALT, AST, γ-GT e proteína C-reativa foram significativamente reduzidos, e a relação AST/ALT e a adiponectina aumentaram marcadamente nos dois grupos. O IMC, relação cintura-quadril, glicose pós-prandial, ALT, AST, γ-GT e proteína C-reativa foram marcadamente menores, e a relação AST/ALT e a adiponectina foram dramaticamente mais altas no grupo tratado com exenatide do que no grupo tratado com metformina. CONCLUSÃO: Comparado com a metformina, o exenatide controla melhor a glicose sérica, reduz o peso corporal e melhora as enzimas hepáticas, atenuando a DHGNA em pacientes com T2DM de ocorrência concomitante com a DHGNA.

Envenomation by Micrurus coral snakes in the Brazilian Amazon region: report of two cases / Envenenamento por coral do gênero Micrurus na Amazônia brasileira: relato de dois casos

Two cases of proven coral snake bites were reported in Belém, Pará State, Brazil. The first case was a severe one caused by Micrurus surinamensis. The patient required mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure. The second case showed just mild signs of envenomation caused by Micrurus filiformis. Both patients received specific Micrurus antivenom and were discharged without further complications. Coral snake bites are scarcely reported in the Amazon region and there is a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, varying from extremely mild to those which may rapidly lead to death if the patient is not treated as soon as possible.

Dois acidentes por coral verdadeira são descritos em Belém, Pará. O primeiro caso foi decorrente de envenenamento por Micrurus surinamensis, no qual a vítima necessitou ventilação mecânica por insuficiência respiratória. O segundo, causado por Micrurus filiformis, apresentou apenas manifestações leves. Ambos os pacientes receberam soro antielapídico específico e evoluíram sem complicações. Acidentes por coral verdadeira na região Amazônica são raramente descritos e podem cursar com um largo espectro de alterações, que variam desde quadros de envenenamento muito leves até manifestações com risco de óbito.

A controlled randomized trial of the use of combined L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in men with oligoasthenozoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the efficacy and safety of combined L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine therapy in infertile males with oligoasthenozoospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred fifty patients with oligoasthenozoospermia were randomized selected into treatment and control groups. The treatment group with 90 patients were given L-carnitine (2 g/d) and acetyl-L-carnitine (1 g/d) orally, twice a day. The patients in control group were given Vitamin E 100 mg plus Vitamin C 100 mg, tid. The oral therapy lasted three months and patients accepted sperm analysis every one month. The L-carnitine level in seminal plasma was examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPC). Side effects as well as pregnant rate were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the treatment group, 85 patients out of 90 finished the three month treatment. Female spouses of 10 patients (11.6%) achieved pregnancy. Moreover, their forward motile sperm per ejaculation, total motile sperm, as well as the concentration of L-carnitine in seminal plasma were increased significantly (P < 0.01). In control group, 53 patients out of 60 completed three months therapy. Two pregnancy (3.7%) was observed. Though some increase was seen in number of forward motile sperm and total motile sperm per ejaculation, the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The difference of the pregnant rate between two groups was statistically significant. No side effects were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined treatment with L-carnitine and acetyl-L-calmitine can be an effective and safe option for treating oligoasthenozoospermia by means of significantly improving forward motile sperm and total motile sperm per ejaculation, as well as increasing pregnant rates.</p>

Phalloidin plays an important role in calcium ionophore A23187-induced human acrosome reaction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the important role of actin polymerization in calcium ionophore A23187-induced human acrosome reaction and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Each spermatozoon specimen was divided into five groups, treated with A23187 3 micromol/L in Group A, Phalloidin 40 micromol/L and A23187 3 micromol/L in Group B, SLO 0.5 U/ml and A23187 3 micromol/L in Group C, SLO 0.5 U/ ml, Phalloidin 40 micromol/L and A23187 3 micromol/L in Group D, and nothing added in Grpup E. Then the percentage of the human acrosome reaction was assessed with Rhodamine-PSA (10 microg/ml).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference of the human spermatozoon acrosome reaction was significant (P < 0.01) among the 5 groups with or without SLO, Phalloidin and calcium ionophore A23187 but not between Groups A and B (P > 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Phalloidin does not work on the acrosome reaction of intact human spermatozoa, but in an SLO-permeabilized human spermatozoal model, it can obviously decrease the percentage of human spermatozoon acrosome reaction, which indicates that the polymerization of actin plays an important role in the course of human spermatozoon acrosome reaction, and mostly acts on the acrosome inside.</p>

Minimizing the antigenicity of tracheal allografts by using a technique of cryopreservation / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the proper time of cryo-preserving tracheal allograft so as to minimize its antigenicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On a dog model, this study was carried out by allografting a tracheal into a muscular flap formed with sternocephalic muscle and sternohyoid--sternothyroid muscle. The tracheal was treated with cryopreservation in defferent intervals. The viability of the graft was evaluated by the examination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, histopathology and microangiography. The blood flow of the tracheal mucous was measured with a blood flowmeter and the survival area was decided in the calculation of the percentage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There are no significant differences in the mucous membrane appearance and the mucosal blood flow one week after the surgery among the non-cryopreservation group and the groups treated with cryopreservation in 1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks. The graft was found to start necrosis 2 weeks after the transplantation with the infiltration of mononuclear cells examined under light microscope in almost all of the groups, especially in the non-cryopreservation group and the groups treated with cryopreservation in 1 day, 2 weeks. However, there was no significant difference among the autograft group and the allograft groups cryopreservated in 6 weeks and 8 weeks, and the infiltration of the mononuclear cells was not found in these groups either.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antigenicity of the tracheal allografts could be significantly decreased by the treatment of cryopreservation over 6 weeks.</p>

The investigation of tracheas transplantation by wrapping in a muscle flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possibility of tracheas transplantation by wrapping it in a muscle flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With a dog model, a number of tracheas were separately wrapped in the unilateral sternocephalic muscle flap and the bilateral sternohyoid-sternothyroid muscle flap, and placed in the original site. The tracheas autografting was used as a control. The viability was evaluated by the examination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, histopathology and microangiography, the measurement of tracheal mucosal blood flow and the calculation of survival rate and percentage of patency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The submucosal blood flow of the transplanted tracheas was detected in the unilateral sternocephalic muscle flap group and the bilateral sternohyoid-sternothyroid muscle flap group 1 week after the surgery and gradually reached the level close to the normal in 4 weeks, while the vascular ingrowth was also shown from the wrapped muscle flap into the transplanted tracheas by using a microangiography technique. The histopathological examination demonstrated that the structure of the transplanted tracheas was quite same as the original one and its inner surface was also covered with pseudostratified columnar ciliary epithelia. However, in the control group, the mucous membranes turned black one week after the transplantation and all dogs died from the graft necrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The tracheas wrapped in a muscular flap could survive well for a long time.</p>

Influência das alterações ambientais na epidemiologia dos acidentes ofídicos e na distribuição geográfica das serpentes de importância médica nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná: (Nota Prévia) / Influence of environmental changes in the epidemiology of snakebites and geographical distribution of snakes of medical importance in São Paulo and Paraná States, 1988-1997

BACKGROUND: Geographical distribution of snakebites and snakes of medical importance has a strong correlation with changes in the vegetation cover as a consequence of the expansion of agricultural frontiers. In São Paulo (SP) and Paraná (PR) the process of land occupation has led to a radical transformation in the natural landscape. The objective of this study was to analyze a historical series of snakebites and the geographical distribution of the main species of snakes, taking into account environmental changes of the landscape. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted. A historical series (1988-1997) of snakebites was obtained from the notification records sent to the Health Secretaries of São Paulo (SP) and Paraná (PR) States. Registries of the herpetological collections were obtained from the Butantan Institute (SP), the Natural History Museum (PR) and from the Production and Research Center in Immunebiologics (PR). Data regarding vegetation cover and percentage of land occupation with the main agricultural practices were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The sites of snakebites occurrence and capture of snakes were identified at the municipality level. Maps were obtained using a geographical information system using the software ArqView v.3.0. RESULTS: From the Bothrops species, B. jararaca showed a wide distribution in open fields, forests, and even in regions under anthropic influence, while B. moojeni and B. neuwiedi were found predominantly in open fields. Crotalus occupied areas originally constituted by semidecidual estacional forest and "cerrado". The annual incidence of snakebites varied from 4.31 to 10.57 cases per 100,000 population, decreasing through the period for both Bothrops (88%) and Crotalus (11%). Micrurus accidents were rare (1%) in São Paulo and absent in Paraná. The areas of greater risk for snakebites were coincident with the snakes distribution areas: the administrative regions of Registro and Sorocaba, in São Paulo, and União da Vitória, in Paraná, for Bothrops accidents, and Bauru and Presidente Prudente in Sao Paulo, Cascavel and Ivaiporã in Paraná, for Crotalus accidents. No correlation between snake distribution and vegetation cover was observed, except for B. jararacussu in the remaining forest at the Vale do Ribeira. No correlation was observed between land occupation and Bothrops snakebites. A small negative correlation was observed between Crotalus accidents and areas with sugar cane. CONCLUSIONS: A decreasing tendency was observed in the number of snakebites and snakes of medical importance. Maps of the distribution of poisonous snakes and snakebites allowed a better definition of risk areas. The anthropic pressure probably had influence on the result of no correlation between areas of distribution of snakes with the vegetation cover, while some agricultural practices may had resulted in changes in the risk areas for snakebites.

DELINEAMENTO DO PROBLEMA: A distribuição geográfica dos acidentes ofídicos e das serpentes de interesse médico guarda estreita correlação com as mudanças na cobertura vegetal, decorrentes da expansão de fronteiras agrícolas, notadamente em São Paulo (SP) e Paraná (PR), onde o processo de ocupação da terra levou a uma transformação radical da paisagem natural. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar levantamento de série histórica sobre a ocorrência de acidentes e a distribuição das espécies de serpentes, levando em conta as alterações ocorridas na cobertura vegetal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado levantamento de série história (1988-1997) dos acidentes ofídicos, a partir das fichas de notificação encaminhadas às Secretarias de Estado da Saúde do Paraná e São Paulo e registro das coleções herpetológicas do Instituto Butantan (SP), Museu de História Natural (PR) e Centro de Produção e Pesquisa em Imunobiológicos (PR). Dados sobre cobertura vegetal e percentual de ocupação do solo das principais práticas agrícolas foram correlacionados, utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. As localidades de ocorrência dos acidentes e de coleta das serpentes foram identificadas por município. Foram obtidos mapas, por meio de um sistema de informação geográfica, no programa ArqView versão 3.0. RESULTADOS: Das espécies de Bothrops, a B. jararaca mostrou ampla distribuição em formações abertas, florestas e até regiões sob influência antrópica, enquanto que B. moojeni e B. neuwiedi foram encontradas em formações abertas. As Crotalus ocuparam áreas originalmente formadas por floresta estacional semidecidual e cerrado. A incidência anual dos acidentes ofídicos variou de 4,31 a 10,57 casos por cem mil habitantes, com queda ao longo do período, tanto dos acidentes botrópicos (88%) como dos crotálicos (11%). Os acidentes elapídicos foram raros (1%) em São Paulo e ausentes no Paraná. As áreas de maior risco para os acidentes foram coincidentes com as áreas de distribuição das serpentes, destacando-se, para os acidentes botrópicos, as regiões administrativas de Registro e Sorocaba em São Paulo e União da Vitória no sul do Paraná e, para os acidentes crotálicos, Bauru e Presidente Prudente em São Paulo, Cascavel e Ivaiporã no Paraná. Não houve relação entre áreas de ocorrência de serpentes e cobertura vegetal atual, com exceção da sobreposição de B. jararacussu nos remanescentes de mata no Vale do Ribeira. Não se observou correlação entre ocupação do solo e acidentes botrópicos, havendo, nos acidentes crotálicos, pequena correlação negativa com a ocupação por cana-de-açúcar. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se tendência de queda no número de acidentes ofídicos e de serpentes de importância médica. Mapas de distribuição de serpentes peçonhentas e de acidentes ofídicos permitiram melhor definição das áreas de risco. A influência antrópica provavelmente influenciou a não-correlação com a cobertura vegetal atual, enquanto que práticas agrícolas podem ter determinado deslocamento nas áreas de maior risco de acidentes.