Effects of Incremental Load Training on Phosphorylation of AMPK in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells of Aged Mice / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of incremental load training on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle satellite cells of aged mice. Methods Experimental mice were divided into 3 groups: young control group (YC group, n=12), old control group (OC group, n=12) and old training group (OT group, n=12). The mice in OT group received incremental load training, and CD45-/CD31-/Sca1-/VCAM (CD106) + cells were isolated by flow cytometry sorting. Desmin, Myod myogenic staining and myogenic differentiation culture were used for identification of muscle satellite cells, and the p-AMPK level of muscle satellite cells was detected by immunohistochemistry combined with Western blotting method. Results The expression levels of AMPK and p-AMPK in skeletal muscle satellite cells in YC group were significantly higher than those in OC group (P0.05), while p-AMPK expression level in OT group was significant higher than that in OC group (P<0.05). Conclusions Incremental load training can promote AMPK phosphorylation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in aged mice, and improve energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in aged mice.

Predictive value of protein C for long-term mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the predictive value of protein C( PC) for long -term mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods A total of 657 patients with CAP were enrolled in Taian Central Hospital from January 2011 to December 2011.The patients were divided into short-term group(≤30 days),medium-term group(>30~90 days) and long-term group(>90 days).PC,high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),pneumonia severity index(PSI) score and CURB-65 score were measured at the time of admission.The ROC curve was used to evaluate the independent risk factors.The Kaplan-Meier surviv-al function curve was used to analyze the difference of mortality between the short-term group and long-term group. Independent risk factors for CAP risk were analyzed by COX regression.Results A total of 597 cases were followed up,there were 49 cases(8.09% ) in the short-term group,11 cases(1.84% ) in the medium -term group,and 537 cases(89.93% ) in the long-term group.The PC levels in the short-term group,medium-term group and long-term group were (32.2 ± 10.6)% ,(43.1 ± 9.9)% ,(69.6 ± 23.0)% ,respectively.The level of PC was signifi-cantly increased in the short-term group compared with the medium-term group and long-term group ( short-term group vs.medium-term group,q =6.18,P <0.05,short -term group vs.long -term group,q=9.87,P <0.05).The hs-CRP levels in the short-term group,medium-term group and long-term group were (108.1 ± 22.4)mg/L,(68.2 ± 12.9 ) mg/L, ( 25.1 ± 17.1 ) mg/L, respectively. The level of hs - CRP was significantly increased in the short-term group compared with the medium-term group and long-term group (short-term group vs.medium-term group, q =5.23, P <0.05, short -term group vs. long -term group, q =12.95, P<0.05 ). Meanwhile,PC showed higher accuracy(AUC,0.889) than CURB-65( AUC,0.828) and hs-CRP( AUC,0.711) in the long-term group.The Kaplan-Meier survival function curve showed that the mortality rate was significantly higher in the high-value group compared with the low-value group(F=17.10,P<0.01).PC was an independent factor for long - term mortality and was associated with poorer survival by the COX regression analysis. Conclusion PC has a high predictive value for long-term mortality in CAP patients.

Predictive value of protein C for long-term mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the predictive value of protein C(PC) for long-term mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).@*Methods@#A total of 657 patients with CAP were enrolled in Taian Central Hospital from January 2011 to December 2011.The patients were divided into short-term group(≤30 days), medium-term group(>30~90 days) and long-term group(>90 days). PC, high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), pneumonia severity index(PSI) score and CURB-65 score were measured at the time of admission.The ROC curve was used to evaluate the independent risk factors.The Kaplan-Meier survival function curve was used to analyze the difference of mortality between the short-term group and long-term group.Independent risk factors for CAP risk were analyzed by COX regression.@*Results@#A total of 597 cases were followed up, there were 49 cases(8.09%) in the short-term group, 11 cases(1.84%) in the medium-term group, and 537 cases(89.93%) in the long-term group.The PC levels in the short-term group, medium-term group and long-term group were (32.2±10.6)%, (43.1±9.9)%, (69.6±23.0)%, respectively.The level of PC was significantly increased in the short-term group compared with the medium-term group and long-term group (short-term group vs.medium-term group, q=6.18, P<0.05, short-term group vs.long-term group, q=9.87, P<0.05). The hs-CRP levels in the short-term group, medium-term group and long-term group were (108.1±22.4)mg/L, (68.2±12.9)mg/L, (25.1±17.1)mg/L, respectively.The level of hs-CRP was significantly increased in the short-term group compared with the medium-term group and long-term group (short-term group vs.medium-term group, q=5.23, P<0.05, short-term group vs.long-term group, q=12.95, P<0.05). Meanwhile, PC showed higher accuracy(AUC, 0.889) than CURB-65(AUC, 0.828) and hs-CRP(AUC, 0.711) in the long-term group.The Kaplan-Meier survival function curve showed that the mortality rate was significantly higher in the high-value group compared with the low-value group(F=17.10, P<0.01). PC was an independent factor for long-term mortality and was associated with poorer survival by the COX regression analysis.@*Conclusion@#PC has a high predictive value for long-term mortality in CAP patients.

Application of impulse oscillometry in the measurement for childhood bronchial hyperresponsiveness / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the effectiveness of impulse oscillometry(IOS)in airway responsiveness measurement and to find out the positive threshold of IOS for asthma diagnosis. Methods Seventy-nine children aged 6-14 years who had suspicious asthma,were recruited into the study. The positive criteria of the methacholine bron-chial provocation test was a 20％ reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 )compared to base-line. Simultaneously measured changes in various parameters of IOS,including resonant frequency(Fres),impedance at 5 Hz(Zrs),resistances at 5 and 20 Hz(R5,R20),reactance at 5 Hz(X5),and area of reactance(AX). The results of the challenge test were divided into positive and negative groups according to the pulmonary ventilation function me-thod. The differences between the 2 groups of IOS parameters before and after the challenge test,and the correlation be-tween the change rate of FEV1 and the change rate of IOS parameters were compared,and the positive judgment criteria of IOS parameters in the determination of respiratory responsiveness were determined. Results The positive group of bronchial provocation test had 37 patients and negative group had 42 patients. There was no significant difference in the basic values of parameters between the positive group and the negative group (all P > 0. 05). Changes in Zrs,R5,X5 of IOS were correlated with changes in FEV1 (r = 0. 374,0. 310,0. 449,all P < 0. 05). By single factor analysis,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)carve (AUC)showed:basic value of Zrs increased by 45. 85％,R5 increased by 45. 72％,X5 increased by 80. 74％ respectively compared to the baseline showed the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity. In multivariate Logistic regression models,when Zrs and R5 were combined to measure the airway responsiveness,the sensitivity and specificity were 73. 0％ and 81. 0％,respectively. Conclusions IOS and spirometry can be used to determine airway responsiveness in children during methacholine bronchial challenge. Zrs≥45. 85％,or R5≥45. 72％,or X5≥80. 74％,or Zrs and R5 of multiple regression formula can be used as the positive criteria for young children with airway heperresponsiveness,the combination of Zrs and R5 has higher sensitivity and specificity.

Microdeletion and Mutation of Y Chromosome in Full Sibling Identification / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the identification method of full sibling between two males with microdeletion and mutation of Y chromosome.@*METHODS@#DNA were extracted from two samples. The type testing of Y-STR and autosomal STR were performed. Full sibling between two individuals was calculated by IBS, ITO and discriminant functions methods.@*RESULTS@#There were 2 loci mutations existed in 33 Y-STR loci and one of the two samples had 19 loci deletions. The IBS of two samples was 53 and greater than the threshold which was 42; FSI was 1.36×10¹⁶ and far greater than 19. The discriminant function of full sibling-unrelated individual DFS2 was greater than DR2, which meant the two individuals tend to be full sibling.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The methods of IBS, ITO and discriminant functions of full sibling-unrelated individual can be used comprehensively to provide more reliable expert opinion in microdeletion and mutation of Y chromosome in full sibling identification.

Physicians' Prescription Behavior-based Marketing Strategy of Pharmaceutical Enterprises / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To offer reference for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises in formulating a physicians' prescription behavior-based marketing strategy. METHODS: A survey and analysis was carried out by reviewing pertinent literature and interviewing experts. RESULTS: Physicians' prescription behavior was influenced by many factors. Most pharmaceutical enterprises had inertia thinking in formulating marketing strategies in that they put an emphasis on the quantity rather than the quality of information available to physicians, which has caused the unsatisfactory sales performance. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmaceutical enterprises could improve the efficiency of sales performance by analyzing physicians' prescription behavior, getting rid off inertia thinking and taking corresponding strategies.