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ObjectiveTo investigate the mortality and years of life lost of pancreatic cancer in Baoshan District of Shanghai，from 2009 to 2021， and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of pancreatic cancer in the future. MethodsThe death surveillance data of Baoshan District from 2009 to 2021 were collected from the Shanghai chronic disease surveillance information management system. Crude mortality， standardized mortality，potential years of life lost （PYLL）， potential years of life lost rate （PYLLR） ， average years of potential life lost （AYLL） ， annual percentage change （APC） were calculated to analyze the trend of mortality and life loss of pancreatic cancer. ResultsFrom 2009 to 2021， a total of 2117 deaths of pancreatic cancer were reported in Baoshan District， accounting for 7.05% of all cancer deaths. The average age of the death cases was （71.18±10.97）years. The youngest was 3 years old and the oldest was 96 years old. The death component ratio of pancreatic cancer increased with time （P<0.05）， and the average death age of women was higher than that of men （P<0.05）. The crude mortality of pancreatic cancer was 17.38/105 in Baoshan District from 2009 to 2021， showing a rising tendency （P<0.05） with APC of 3.74%. The standardized mortality of pancreatic cancer was 7.84/105. The crude mortality of pancreatic cancer was 19.71/105 in men and 14.89/105 in women， both showed a tendency towards a rise （P<0.05 ） with APC of 4.44% and 2. 89%， respectively. The crude mortality of pancreatic cancer showed a tendency towards a decline in residents at ages of 45 to 60 years （ P<0.05 ）， with APC of 4.74%. The PYLL and PYLLR of pancreatic cancer were 8 115 person-years and 0.67‰ in Baoshan District from 2009 to 2021， while the AYLL of pancreatic cancer was 3.83 years per person. The PYLL was higher in men than in women. ConclusionThe mortality rate of pancreatic cancer in Baoshan District shows an increasing trend. The healthy life of elderly and men is affected largely by pancreatic cancer. It is necessary to strengthen the health education on the prevention/control of pancreatic cancer and healthy life style， thereby improving the tertiary prevention system of pancreatic cancer.
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Objective To study the effects of the gingerol on the melanogenesis in melanoma B16 cells. Methods Melanoma cells were cultured with gingerol at 12. 5, 25. 0, 50. 0, 100. 0, 200. 0 μmol · L-1 and positive control drug hydroquinone,respectively,using Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium(DMEM) as the blank control group. The cell proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyltet tetrazolium ( MTT) colorimetric assay. The tyrosinase activity and melanin content were measured by colorimetry assay. Results Gingerol at different concentrations had inhibitory effect on B16 cell proliferation compared with the blank control group ( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), the inhibition rate being more than 48% at the dosage of 200. 0 μmol·L-1 . Tyrosinase activity was inhibited significantly compared with blank control group(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),the inhibition rate being up to 50% at the dosage of 200 μmol·L-1 . Melanin content was also decreased at all levels of gingerol compared with blank control group(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),but not in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of melanin content reached the plateau at gingerol levels greater than 25. 0 μmol · L-1 . Conclusion Gingerol can inhibit the cell proliferation,tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin synthesis in certain range of concentrations.