Apoptosis and expression of apoptotic factors caspase-3, fas and p53 in lumbar ligamentum flavum / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the key causes of gait disorder and low back pain in the older adults. Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum is the main pathological mechanism leading to lumbar spinal stenosis. Although there are numerous imaging and pathological studies on the ligamentum flavum, little is reported on cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To detect the apoptotic rate and the expression of caspase-3, fas and p53 in the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum, providing experimental evidence for understanding the mechanism underlying degeneration of the ligamentum flavum. METHODS: In experimental group, 50 hypertrophic ligamentum flavum specimens (L2-S1) confirmed by MRI and postoperative measurement were obtained from 50 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent posterior decompression surgery. There were 22 males and 28 females, aged from 32 to 74 years old, with an average of 54.46 years old. In control group, 30 non-hypertrophic ligamentum flavum specimens (L2-S1) confirmed by MRI and postoperative measurement were obtained from 30 patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing surgery and lumbar burst fractures. There were 19 males and 11 females, aged 19-67 years, with an average of 47.27 years old. The apoptotic rate in the ligamentum flavum was detected by TUNEL staining, and the expression of caspase-3, fas and p53 was detected by SP immunohistochemistry. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, with approval No. LFYLLSJ2016007. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TUNEL results showed that the average apoptotic rate of the experimental group was (37.80±3.04)%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group [(13.18±1.34)%; t=41.83, P < 0.001]. The immunohistochemical staining of SP revealed that the positive expression percentages of caspase-3, fas and p53 in the ligamentum flavum were all 100% in the experimental group, while the positive percentages were 13.3%, 16.7%, and 10% in the control group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that cell apoptosis in the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum is increased and has a certain correlation with the up-regulation of caspase-3, fas and p53.

Progress of Research on Intestinal Mucosal Injury Induced by Acute Exposure to High Altitude / 胃肠病学

High altitude environment is a special ecological environmental system. The specificity of this environment is the main reason of gastrointestinal reaction caused by acute exposure to high altitude. With the development of economy, more and more people come to the plateau,and gastrointestinal reaction caused by acute exposure to high altitude has attracted wide attention by scholars. This article briefly reviewed the mechanism of intestinal mucosal injury induced by acute exposure to high altitude.

Research progress on mechanism of autophagy in intestinal mucosal barrier function / 基础医学与临床

Autophagy is a biological process in which cells maintain homeostasis through degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged organelles by membrane vesicle structure .Autophagy plays a critical role in maintai-ning survival of intestinal epithelial cells during intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction .A negative regulator of auto-phagy may lead to intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis .

Challenge and present status of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of ulcerative colitis / 中国医师进修杂志

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease. Its pathogenesis is not clear and the pathogenesis is complex. Moreover, it is recurrent and its healing is delayed. It is a kind of refractory disease. Its incidence and recurrence rate showed a trend of increasing year by year in our country at present. At the present stage, the main treatment focuses on glucocorticoids, aminosalicylic acid, immunosuppressor and biological agent. Although biological agent can greatly improve the efficacy, there are many problems in clinical treatment for a small amount of refractory patients. The comprehensive intervention combined with non-drug treatment should be performed, so as to achieve the curative effect. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has attracted people′s attention in recent years. It displays a certain therapeutic effect on the treatment of UC in the active stage, especially refractory recurrent UC. Therefore, the domestic and overseas FMT treatment are summarized in the paper.

Endoscopic ultrasonography applied in the management of suspected obstructive jaundice in acute biliary pancreatitis / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the application value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of suspected obstructive jaundice in acute biliary pancreatitis and its effect on treatment outcomes. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected in 96 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) who were suspected obstructive jaundice. Patients were divided into early EUS scanning group (EES) and delay EUS scanning group (DES). Clinical treatment results and test results were compared between the two groups. Results The diagnosis sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS were 96.43 %, 82.5 %, 90.63 %, 88.52 % and 96.29 %. Early EUS scan with 72 h could identify the etiology of ABP and subsequent treatment based on the EUS can easily decrease the white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, total bilirubin and serum amylase (P < 0.05). The pain relief rate in EEI group after 1 week treatment was significantly higher than that in the DES group (87.50 % vs 66.67 %, P = 0.027) and average length of hospitalization was shorter [(12.70 ±2.10) d vs (14.10 ± 3.00) d, P = 0.006]. Delay EUS scan were likely to have higher white blood cell count and total bilirubin, meanwhile seemed to increase the organ failure rate and necrotic infection of the pancreas. Conclusion ABP with suspected obstructive jaundice should be considered to have endoscopy intervention. Results of EUS are the basis for treatment decision, which can avoid the unnecessary endoscopy treatment.

Research progress on tumor multidrug resistance regulated by au-tophagy / 中国肿瘤临床

Multidrug resistance (MDR) limits the clinical application and efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. Thus, MDR is the big-gest obstacle to the success of chemotherapy. Complex and diverse MDR mechanisms exist, including the following:adenosine triphos-phate-binding cassette membrane transport protein family, anti-apoptotic or enhanced DNA repair, mutations in drug targets or metabol-ic enzymes, microRNA, and cancer stem cells. Autophagy can degrade organelles and proteins that have been damaged in the cyto-plasm through the formation of autolysosome and recycle metabolites. Maintaining intracellular homeostasis and a balanced internal en-vironment is highly significant. Recent studies found that autophagy is closely related to the pathophysiology of MDR. The interaction between autophagy and MDR and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are reviewed. This paper elucidates the occurrence of MDR in relation to autophagy in order to provide new information on chemotherapy MDR.

A study on the strategies of nutritional therapy for severe acute pancreatitis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the strategies of nutritional therapy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.Methods Two hundred and eight patients with SAP were randomly divided into early enteral nutrition (EEN) group,late enteral nutrition (LEN) group and total enteral nutrition (TPN) group.EEN group received enteral nutrition through nasojejunal tube feeding within 72 hours in the course of disease,LEN group received the same treatment after 6 d in the course of disease,TPN group received total enteral nutrition.The index of nutrition,incidence of complication were recorded,efficacy and safety were analyzed.Results EEN group included 67 cases,while 72 cases in LEN group and 69 cases in TPN group.The incidence rate of malnutrition after 14 d of treatment in EEN group and LEN group was significantly lower than that in TPN group [59.7％ (40/67),58.3％ (42/72) vs.84.1％ (58/69),P ＜0.05],but the difference between EEN group and LEN group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia among three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The expression level of albumin,prealbumin and retinol-binding protein after 14 d of treatment in three groups compared with those before treatment and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of albumin,prealbumin and retinol-binding protein after 14 d of treatment in EEN group and LEN group compared with those in TPN group and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05),there was no statistically significant difference between EEN group and LEN group (P＞ 0.05).The incidence rate of total infections,abdominal infections,bloodstream infections,secondary superinfections in TPN group were significantly lower than those in EEN group and LEN group [62.3％(43/69) vs.25.4％ (17/67),19.4％(14/72) ;21.7％(15/69) vs.4.5％(3/67),6.9％ (5/72);39.1％(27/69) vs.14.9％(10/67),11.1％(8/72) ;33.3％ (23/69) vs.9.0％ (6/67),9.7％(7/72),P ＜ 0.05],there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of peripancreatic infections,lung infections among three groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of total infections,different infections between EEN group and LEN group.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of noninfections among three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of recovery in EEN group and LEN group was significanby higher than that in TPN group [91.0％ (61/67),94.4％ (68/72) vs.81.2％ (56/69),P ＜ 0.05],but the difference between EEN group and LEN group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutrition therapy for SAP patients is safe and effective,and could significantly improve the prognosis of patients.

Effect of Dahuang Gancao decoction on lung injury complicated by acute necrotizing pancreatitis / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment effects of dahuang gancao decoction on lung Injury complicated by acute necrotizing pancreatitis and explore its mechanism. Methods 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely sham-operated group (SO), ANP group (ANP), dahuang gancao decoction treatment group (DG). 4% sodium taurocholate was injected into the pancreatic duct to induce ANP. Dahuang gancao decoction(0.25 g/ml) 0.6 ml/100 g weight was gavaged in the DG group, the same volume of normal saline was gavaged in the SO and ANP group, which was repeated 12 h later. After 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, all rats were sacrificed, pancreas and lung tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes and the pathological changes were scored. IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels of serum and lung tissue were measured,and the changes of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method. Results 12 h after ANP induction, the serum levels of IL-6 in SO, ANP, DG group were (14.4±4.0)pg/ml, (171.4 ±41.3)pg/ml, (156.9 ±34.7)pg/ml; the serum levels of IL-10 were (13.7 ±4.5)pg/ml, (120.5 ±23.7)pg/ml, (148.3 ±44.4)pg/ml; the serum levels of TNF-α were (22.4 ±4.7)pg/ml, (261.3 ±51.4)pg/ml, (235.3 ±45.9)pg/ml; the lung tissue levels of IL-6 were (257.3 ±55.9)pg/ml,(2578.3 ±403.0)pg/ml,(2370.0 ±491.0)pg/ml; the lung tissue levels of IL-10 were (80.8 ±20. 8)pg/g, (642.0 ± 107.3)pg/g, (695.3 ± 151.7) pg/g, the lung tissue levels of TNF-α were (207.6 ±98.6)pg/g, (1769.1 ±635.6) pg/g, (1401.1 ±450.5) pg/g; the pancreas pathological scores were 0, 7.00 ±1.33, 6.30 ± 0.95; the lung pathological scores were 0, 6.30 ± 1.42, 5.60 ± 0.97; the expressions of TLR4in lung tissue were 0.09 ± 0. 03, 0.59 ± 0. 09, 0. 52 ± 0. 08. The values in the ANP and DG groups were significantly higher than those in SO group (P < 0. 01 ); except for IL-10, all values in the DG groups were significantly lower than those in ANP group (P < 0.05); there was a positive association between lung and pancreas scores (r =0.807, P<0.01), and lung score was positively associated with the expression of TLR4(r = 0.519, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions Dahuang ganeao decoction may quickly improve lung injury complivated by ANP. The mechanism may involve inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and down-regulating the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, up-regulating the. Expression of IL-10.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on macrophage migration inhibitory factor protein expression in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer precancerous lesions / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protein expression and explore the role of Hp and MIF in the development of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer. Methods The biopsy tissues of gastric mucosa were collected under gastroscope, and Hp was detected by 14C breath test and Warthin-starry method. We recruited 25 healthy people with normal gastric mucosa, 40 patients pathologically confirmed Hp-positive with chronic superficial gastritis, 40 with atrophic gastritis and 40 with gastric ulcer. MIF protein expression was examined by immunohistochemical SP staining method, then Hp eradication was performed on Hp-infected chronic superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer for 2 weeks. Hp and MIF were re-examined 4 weeks after drug withdrawal, and difference in MIF expression was compared between Hp-infected patients and Hp-eradicated patients. Results The expression of MIF was low in normal gastric mucosa without Hp infection (2/25, 8%), but significantly higher in Hp-infected gastric mucosa with chronic superficial gastritis (12/40, 30%), atrophic gastritis (26/40, 65%) and gastric ulcer (19/40, 47.5%); there was a significant difference between normal gastric mucosa without Hp infection and that of comHp-infected patients (57/120 vs. 2/25; χ~2=13.376, P<0.01). MIF expression increased with the severity of inflammation in chronic gastritis, and there was a significant difference between superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis (12/40 vs. 26/40; χ~2=9.825, P<0.01). The expression of MIF was noticeably decreased after Hp eradication compared with before(57/120 vs. 23/103; χ~2=15.264, P<0.01); however, there was no significant change in those patients whose Hp was still positive. Conclusion The expression of MIF on gastric mucosa is associated with the development of chronic gastritis and gastritis ulcer caused by Hp infection. Eradication of Hp could cut down the abnormally high MIF expression in gastric mucosa and slow down the formation and development of gastric carcinoma.