RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the types, morphology, frequency and risk factors of breast carcinoma in modified radical mastectomy specimens
Design: Cross Sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: In Shaukat Khanum Laboratory Lahore, within 10 months from January 2012 to December 2012
Patients and Methods: By using non probability, convenient sampling technique 90 patients between 30-80 years, who underwent modified radical mastectomy, were recruited in the study from Lahore Medical University. Specimens were taken and fixed in 10% formalin. Gross and microscopic examination was done. To minimize the risk of diagnostic error slides were observed by two Histopathologists from Shaukat Khanum Laboratory Lahore
Results: 35.5% patients with breast carcinoma belonged to 4th to 5th decades, 50% patients [45/90] had carcinoma on right side, 66.6% [60/90] cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 26.6 [24/90] cases were lobular type. Women with positive family history shows 33% [30/90] of breast carcinoma, of these samples 24% [22/90] females gives history of using oral contraceptive, whereas 22% [20/90] of them have positive history of smoking, 20% [n=18] had undergone radiation exposure
Conclusions: Highest frequency of breast cancer was found in 40-50 year old women. Ductal Carcinoma was the most common type. Factors highly associated with breast cancer in local population were found to be Positive family history, Oral Contraceptives and radiation exposure
RESUMO
Genetic factors contribute to the high rates with breast cancer patients. Our objective was to screen the mutations in the BRCA 1 gene in exon 20. A diagnostic study. The study was carried out in molecular biology lab, Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology [IMBB], University of Lahore over a period of one year from July 2011 to Aug 2012. To screen for mutation in the BRCA1 gene, blood samples were collected from 22 different patients suffering from breast cancer from the Anmol Hospital and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. The collected samples were processed to screen any mutation in exon 20 which is indicative of the fact that exon 20 is not a hotspot for mutations. In our study of 22 females, we have found no mutation in the gene. It is becoming increasingly clear that breast cancer is a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease and histopathological characteristics of breast cancer are controlled by subsets of genetic alterations, providing convincing hints of genotypic-phenotypic correlations between morphological patterns and molecular changes. BRCA has emerged as the master regulator of the genome through its ability to regulate and coordinate various steps of DNA damage response. Women who carry a mutation of the gene have greatly increased chance of developing breast cancer. The population of Pakistan has been substantially screened for somatic and germline mutations in BRCA. Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women in Pakistan. One every 8th women is found to carry the disease. A female may develop the disease through inherited mutations in the BRCA1 gene. The absence of mutation maybe attributed to small sample size of the study or may be due to the fact that the size of the gene is so large that a single axon may not be enough to screen for mutations