investigation on the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Dorema aucheri [Bilhar] on some pathogenic bacteria in vitro

Dorema aucheri is a plant that grows in Iran. In Persian it is called [Bilhar]. This experimental study was carried out at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. After collection and preparation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dorema aucheri [Bilhar], The antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bilhar was evaluated against 7 laboratory strains of microorganisms, including 4 Gram positive [Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis] and 3 Gram negative bacteria [Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris]. Its effects against human pathogen microorganism were determined using "Spreading of the Extract on Medium Surface" and "Disk Agar Diffusion Method", Minimal Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Lethal Concentration [MLC] were determined for this extract. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA. The zone of inhibition for the ethanolic extract varied from 8 mm for P. aeruginosa to 24 mm for S. pyogenes and from 7 mm for P. aeruginosa to 19 mm for S.pyogenes in the aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of the extracts ranged between 2 mg/ml and 64 mg/ml while the minimum lethal concentration [MLC] ranged between 4 mg/ml and 256 mg/ml. Among of tested strains, P. aeruginosa has maximum MIC and MBC. 30 and 40 mg/mL Concentrations of Redcurrant have significant antimicrobial effect on bacteria. Antibacterial effect of extracts was decreased with decrease of extract concentration in disk. According to result, ethanolic extract of Dorema aucheri have antimicrobial effect on growth of all of the strains exposed analyzes and antimicrobial effect of that was maximum on Gram-positive bacterum of S. pyogenes. P. aeruginosa showed the highest level of resistance against the aqueous and ethanolic Bilhar extracts. The present study demonstrated that the ethanol leaf extract of Dorema aucheri hold an excellent potential as an antibacterial agent

Antimicrobial effect of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose [CMC] containing aqueous and ethanolic Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. leaves extract against Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Oil from the eucalyptus tree [Eucalyptus camaldulensis L.] is used today in many over the counter cough and cold products, to relieve congestion. Eucalyptus oil is also used in creams and ointments to relieve muscle and joint pain, and in some mouthwashes. In this study Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves extracted with water and ethanol 96°and the antimicrobial effects of extracts were evaluated by "using the method of Collins" and "disk agar diffusion method". Antimicrobial properties of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose [CMC] films containing 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/ml concentration of the extract studied against on Streptococcus pyogenes PTCC 1447, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310 and Staphylococcus epidermidis PTCC 1435. The results showed that aqueous and alcoholic extract were quite effective in 2000 ?g/ml concentration on Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and have inhibition effect, while both extracts have no certain antimicrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were performed for each microorganism. Minimal Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] for bacteria was performed using the dilution method. The edible films containing mangrove extract presented more effective impact on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes than Pseudomonas aeruginosa [p<0.05]. The result indicates extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves have the greatest effect on gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. As a result, aqueous and ethanloic extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves, have been strong antimicrobial activity against many food pathogen bacteria

Investigating the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] of the Lavandula stoechas L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts on pathogen bacterias "in vitro"

The infections risk related to pathogenic germs increases at the present time considering the increased resistance which certain microbes acquire, whose usual antibiotics are ineffective to treat the infectious disease. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lavandula stoechas L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. on Listeria monocytogenes PTCC 1297 ¡Bacillus cereus PTCC 1154¡ Enterobacter aerogenes PTCC 1221¡ Enterococcus faecalis PTCC 1237 and Salmonella typhi PTCC 1609 "in vitro". In this experimental study, after collecting plants from of Razavi Khorasan province, the extraction was carried out by the maceration method, after antimicrobial effect of the extracts evaluated by two methods, "Collins method" [spreading of the extract on medium surface] and "disk agar diffusion method". The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] for both species determined by using a dilution method. Statistical analysis was carried out by analysis of variance [ANOVA].The results show that aqueous and ethanolic Lavandula stoechas L. extracts were quite effective in 2000 micro g/ml concentration on Listeria monocytogenes ¡Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis. The results indicate that ethanolic extracts of Lavandula stoechas L. have the greatest effect on gram-positive bacterium. The result shows that MIC of Lavandula stoechas L. leaves of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Enterobacter aerogenes was 32 and 16 mg/ml respectively. The result shows that MIC of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Enterobacter aerogenes was 128 and 64 mg/ml respectively.The Lavandula stoechas L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts presented the more effective impact on the growth of gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria [p<0.05]

Antimicrobial effects of Kelussia odoratissima extracts against food borne and food spoilage bacteria "in vitro"

The aim of this paper was to investigate the antibacterial potential of Kelussia odoratissima Mozff extract against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Karafs-eKoohi with the scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima is an Iranian endemic edible plant in the middle region of Iran with enormous use as food, spice and medicinal herb. The antibacterial effect of the extracts was investigated using pour plate and disk diffusion methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] were also studied using the dilution method. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. The results showed that in disk diffusion method all concentrations of ethanolic extract had inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] of Kelussia odoratissima leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 16 and 8 mg/ml, and for Enterobacter aerogenes were 32 and 16 mg/ml, respectively. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] of Kelussia odoratissima leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 32 and 16 mg/ml, and for Enterobacter aerogenes were 64 and 32mg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the extract of Kelussia odoratissima had a satisfactory antimicrobial activity and the ethanolic extract of Kelussia odoratissima leaves had greater inhibitory effects on the strains studied compared to aqueous extract in vitro. A significant correlation was also observed between zone of inhibition and concentration of extracts

Antifungal potential of mangrove extracts against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum

The interest in plants antimicrobial properties has been revived because of the current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Nowadays, the fact that microorganisms tend to develop drug resistance, besides the side effects of certain antibiotics has offered considerable potentials for the development of new effective antifungal and antioxidant agents; medicinal plants are prolific sources. Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae. The aim of this experimental study is determination of antifungal effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Avicennia marina on Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum "in vitro". In this study, quantitative bioassay was done using disc diffusion method, Minimum Inhibition Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration [MFC] was carried out using broth dilution methods. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Avicennia marina leaves with "antimicrobial activity method" in 2000 micro g/ml, were inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum. In "disk agar diffusion test" the mentioned extract were shown inhibiti on effect on pathogenic molds growth [p<0.05]. The result showed that MIC of ethanolic extract of Avicenna marina leaves for Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum was 16 and 8 mg/ml respectively. The results showed that MFC of ethanolic extract of Avicenna marina for Aspergillus flavus was 32 mg/ml, and for Penicillium italicum was 16 mg/ml. Ethanolic extract compared to the aqueous extract was more effective and has a greater inhibition effect. This study showed that the extract of Avicennia marina had antifungal effects that justify their traditional use as medicinal plants. Finally, the data suggested that Avicennia marina extracts could have notable antifungal effects