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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of husbands' participation in sexual education on sexual function during pregnancy
Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted on 123 couples who were divided in two intervention [A: couples, B: pregnant women] and one control [C] groups. Group A couples received sex education, Group B women received sex education without their spouses, and Group C women received routine prenatal care without sex education. Sexual functions of couples were assessed by Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] and International Index Erectile Function [IIEF] questionnaires, before sex education, four weeks after the intervention, at the end of the second trimester and at the end of the third trimester
Results: Mean total scores of FSFI and IIEF were not different at baseline in three groups. Repeated measure analysis showed significant differences between groups [A and B with C] in the mean total scores of FSFI and IIEF during the third trimester. The mean total scores of the two intervention groups of A and B were not significant
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, promoting the sexual function of pregnant women needs to include the sex education on prenatal care. Whereas spouses' participation was suggested to have a great role in the effectiveness and strengthening of the education in various studies, this study showed that the lack of spouses' participation for whatever reasons may lead to the same results of previous studies which emphasized the necessity of spouses' participation
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Background: adolescent pregnancy is an important health problem, significantly related to negative effects on the health of both adolescent mothers and their babies. Little is known about adolescent pregnancy from the perspective of the adolescents, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to explore the perception of response to pregnancy in Iranian adolescent women
Methods: this conventional content analysis was conducted from November 2015 to October 2016 in Guilan Province [In the north of Iran]. Data were collected through unstructured interview with 24 married women aged between 14 and 18 years old. The participants were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Interviews began with a general question and were followed with some probing questions, and were continued till data saturation was reached
Results: "ambivalence perception" was the main theme that merged in this study. Two other categories comprised the content of interviews: "Improving positive effects of pregnancy" and, "Diminishing negative effects of pregnancy" which were merged from nine sub categories
Conclusion: the experiences of pregnancy were not completely undesired and negative as the teenage mothers expressed a feeling of satisfaction with the birth of their children. This finding will help health educators to develop cultural sensitive programs, activities, and educational interventions that assist adolescent mothers to deal with this ambivalent perception of pregnancy
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Background: Understanding the motives and reasons for drug treatment is very important. This study aimed to develop a psychometric evaluation to determine the reasons for addiction treatment among outpatients referred to addiction treatment clinics
Methods: This cross-sectional validation study included five phases [i] Item generation [ii] Making an initial questionnaire [iii] Content validity [iv] Reliability analysis and [v] Structure validity. Addiction treatment motivations were identified by reviewing literatures and interviews with 21 stakeholders. A 30-item questionnaire was used for data collection and a random sample of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using content validity [CVR and CVI], internal consistency [Chronbach's alpha coefficient] and exploratory factor analysis [EFA] by SPSS version 16 software
Results: With exploratory factor analysis, 22 items that were remaining jointly explained 60.6% of the variance observed. Inconsistency assessment, Cronbach's coefficient [a] of items was 0.9. Items with CVIs and CVRs greater than 0.84, remained and factor loading cut off > 0.5 as valid items. They were loaded into four factor solution for the questionnaire, namely: family factors, threats, friend's factors and self-efficacy
Conclusions: This study suggests a reliable and valid instrument with four factors related to motives of addiction treatment
RESUMO
Background and Aim: Along with extensive control of communicable diseases and decrease in their prevalence, congenital anomalies [CA] has grasped much attention in recent years. Almost 20% of babies' mortality under one year of age is associated with CA. The present study was conducted to determine the percent of newborns with CA under Birjand city health centers
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study all newborns with CA under Birjand city health centers during 2007-2012 were studied. Necessary data was collected by meansw of a researcher- designed questionnaire whose content validity had already been confirmed The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software [version 16] and Kruskal Wallis descriptive analytical statistical test at the significant level alpha=0.05
Results: Out of 22076 newborn babies during 2007-2012, 118 cases had CA [CA prevalence . was 5.34%]. It was found that CA was more prevalent in boys than in girls [55.9% vs. 44.1%].The babies' parents were mainly [58.5%] relatives. Congenital heart diseases [36.5%] and musculoskeletal disorders [16.1%] were accounted as the most prevalent. Most of the babies with CA had passed away when the present study began CA. Kruskal wallis analysis showed a significant difference in mean age of the deceased babies regarding their types of abnormalities [P=0.03]
Conclusion: Most of congenital anomalies had a relationship with nervous and cardiovascular systems. Abnormal babies were very prone to death, and frequently they died while being uner one year. Thus, regard to premarital genetic couynseling and undergoing prenatal diagnostic tests are necessary
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Objective [s]: over 100 million women worldwide are using oral contraceptives pills [OCP] and mood changes were being as the primary reason for OCP discontinuation. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors to mood change in oral contraceptive pills users
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 500 women aged 15-49 years old using low dose [LD] pills attending family planning centers in Ahwaz, Iran in year 2012. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using an structured questionnaire including items on demographic, self-efficacy and mood change. Both univarate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OCP use and the independent variables
Results: In all 31% of women [n =153] reported mood change due to OCs use. The results of logistic regression revealed that education [OR =1.80, 95% CI=1.15-2.80, P =0.009], place of living [OR =2.57, 95% CI=1.06-6.20, P =0.03], and self-efficacy [OR =0.87, 95% CI=0.80-0.94, P =0.001] were significant predictors of mood change
Conclusion: The findings indicated that the prevalence of mood changes due to OCP use was relatively high among Iranian women. In addition the findings showed that education on side effects and self-efficacy was important predicting factors for mood changes. Indeed implementing educational programs and increasing self-efficacy among women are recommended
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Objective[s]: Withdrawal contraception accompanied with high unwanted and morbidity .the aim of this study to gain of the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of using contraceptive methods withdrawal users to design effective effective intervention for them
Methods: In the first stage qualitative methods used to elicit questionnaire with 50 women .In the second stage cross-sectional study was performed 300 women attending to the health care centers in west Tehran were selected randomly. In the both of them women were not intended to become pregnant and use withdrawal contraception .data analyzed by using descriptive statistical tests
Results: They had used modern contraceptive methods before withdrawal in 70.7 percent .The mean withdrawal usage was 60.5 4.9 and modern contraceptive was 2.3 2.9 years. The most common source of information on modern contraceptive was health care providers and informal sources. The women are familiar with emergency contraception in 34 percent. Unwanted pregnancy related to withdrawal contraception was 33/7 percent. The most common beliefs related to oral pills nervousness [79.3%] obesity [26.7%] infertility [79.3%], IUD infection [34%] pregnancy [22.7%], spontaneous movement [21%] condom, pregnancy [73.7%] and three monthly injection, pregnancy [33.3%]
Conclusion: It was important that planners will be design family planning packages should contain programs to correct the wrong beliefs. Side effects of modern contraception should be as soon as possible recognizing. They counselors must be guided them .Positive attitude related to withdrawal contraception suggests that family planning programs disseminated essential information among this groups
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To assess and compare mental health after spontaneous abortion, normal vaginal delivery [NVD] and cesarian section [C/S]. This prospective analytical descriptive study was carried out in university-affiliated teaching hospitals in Tehran city, Iran. The specific questionnaire [PANAS and SCL-90] was applied in this study. The sample population of this study included 48 women during their post abortion period as well as 48 women after NVD and 48 women after C/S. The subjects' mental changes and disorders have been measured. It has been followed by interview and completing the questionnaires at first 24 hours and the weeks of 6th and 12th. The negative emotional change in the first 24 hours showed no significant differences between abortion and delivery [P=0/002] but on the week 6th and 12th after abortion and delivery the AN OVA test showed significant differences between [NVD and C/S] and abortion [P=0/00]. The frequency of mental disorders in the first 24th in the case and control groups were 33.3% and 10.3% respectively and the difference was statistically significant [P=0/00]. The severity of emotional changes after spontaneous abortion was more than NVD and in the C/S was more than the rate in NVD. The statistics reveals that abortion and delivery threaten women's psychological well-being and through the time the intensity of negative mental changes and disorders in all three mentioned groups was decreasing