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Objective: To evaluate the outcome of subinguinal cremasteric disruption and venous ligation for the treatment of varicocele with regard to improvement in semen parameters, recurrence, hydrocele formation and testicular atrophy. Methods: The clinical study was carried out from December 2011 to June 2019. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study. Varicocele repair was done as a day case surgery under local anesthesia using cremasteric disruption and venous ligation technique. The treatment outcomes studied were improvement in semen parameters and complications like recurrence, hydrocele formation and testicular atrophy. Results: Seventy-four varicocelectomies were done in fifty-nine patients. Semen parameters improved in those nineteen patients who had abnormal semen parameters before surgery and nine out of these nineteen (47.36%) got their semen count normal after varicocele repair. There were five recurrences (6.75%). No hydrocele formation or testicular atrophy occurred during one year of follow up. Conclusion: Day case varicocelectomy by subinguinal cremasteric disruption and venous ligation is a simple, economical choice with minimal morbidity and comparable outcomes.
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Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine is involved in various vascular pathologies including stroke. Till date, no studies have been reported for the association between IL-6 gene polymorphisms with the risk of Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Objective: The aim of this present case-control study was to investigate the association between IL-6 (-174 G/C and -572 C/G) gene polymorphisms and risk of ICH in North Indian population. Methods: Genotyping was carried out by using SNaPshot method for ICH patients and 100 age-sex matched ICH free controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis with adjusting multiple demographic and risk factor variables was used to calculate the strength of association between IL-6 (-174 G/C and -572 C/G) polymorphisms and risk of ICH. Results: Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking and low socioeconomic status were found to be associated with the risk of ICH. The distribution of -174 G/C and -572 C/G genotypes was consistent with Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the ICH and control subjects. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between IL-6 -572 C/G gene polymorphism and the risk of ICH under dominant model (OR=3.7; 95%CI 1.05 to 13.1; p=0.004) and allelic model (OR=2.6; 95%CI 1.1 to 6.2; p=0.01). No significant association was observed for the association between IL-6 -174 G/C gene polymorphism and risk of ICH. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IL-6 (-572 C/G) polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of ICH in North Indian population. Further prospective studies with large sample size are needed for independent validation.
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BACKGROUND: Early onset psoriasis and late onset psoriasis are known to have different clinical patterns in Caucasian population. However, there is paucity of data among Asian patients. AIMS: To compare the clinical presentation of early onset psoriasis with late onset psoriasis in Pakistani population. METHODS: During the study period, participating dermatologists filled a pre-tested questionnaire for each patient with psoriasis on first encounter. The questionnaire incorporated information regarding clinical and demographic features of psoriasis including age of onset, clinical type of psoriasis, nail or joint involvement, and PASI score. Patients were then divided into early onset (age of onset < 30 years, group I) and late onset (age of onset > or =30 years, group II) psoriasis. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifteen questionnaires were filled and returned for evaluation. There was no statistically significant difference in both groups with regards to gender, family history (P = 0.09), nail (P = 0.69) and joint (P = 0.74) involvement, disease severity (P = 0.68), and clinical type of psoriasis (P = 0.06). No significant difference between disease severities measured by PASI score was observed in the two groups (P = 0.68). Presence of nail involvement was associated with joint disease in both groups (odds ratio 2.8, confidence interval 1.9-4.1). CONCLUSION: Patients with early and late onset psoriasis in Pakistani population do not show different clinical and demographic features contrary to the Western patients.