Prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic syndrome

To determine frequency of Non Alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with Metabolic Syndrome [MetS]. Cross sectional study. Department of medicine, CMH Okara, Jan 2013 to July 2013. We included 491 adult males, diagnosed with metabolic syndrome [MetS], presenting in outpatient department for routine review. MetS was diagnosed as per the International Diabetes Federation [IDF] proposed criteria of 2004. Detailed history and examination of each individual was done and data entered in pre designed performa. Brightness and posterior attenuation on ultrasound abdomen were considered indices for fatty liver disease in presence of elevated ALT, negative hepatitis serology and absence of alcohol intake. All the data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 491 participants with MetS, 222 [45.2%] had fatty liver disease. Mean BMI in patients with metabolic syndrome was 26.1 [ +/- .89] and mean BMI in fatty liver patients was 27.3 [ +/- 0.67].Out of total 5 components of Mets, patients with fatty liver disease had 3.24 [ +/- 0.25] components, as compared to 2.1 [ +/- 0.34] in whole of study group. A large number of patients with metabolic syndrome have fatty liver disease. Fatty liver disease is more frequent in patients who are overweight and those having multiple risk factors of metabolic syndrome

Frequency of different causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding using endoscopic procedure at a tertiary care hospital

To assess the outcome of early endoscopy in terms of frequency of different causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at a tertiary care hospital. Cross sectional descriptive study. Outpatients / indoor patients, Department of Medicine Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 1[st] Jan 2010 to 30[th] June 2010. Study was carried out in department of medicine Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Two hundred and forty four after cosen. Patients of upper gastrointestinal bleeding fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Haemodynamically stable patients were kept empty stomach for at least 6-8 hours before procedure. A detailed history and thorough physical examination was carried out. Protocols for endoscopic examination were followed. Mandatory baseline investigations were obtained. Endoscopic findings were documented on a proforma. p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were 174 males [71.3%] and 70 females [28.7%]. The age of the patients ranged from 15 years to 75 years, mean age was 52.23 years [SD = 14.78]. The most common cause of upper GI bleed was varices in 176 [72.1%] patients; followed by gastric ulcer in 24 [9.8%] patients. Other causes in order of decreasing frequency included gastritis 16[6.55%], duodenal ulcer 14[5.73%], esophagitis 6[2.45%], Mallory Weiss tear 2[0.81%] and miscellaneous 6[2.45%]. Esophageal varices is the most common cause of upper GI bleed in our set up reflecting high prevalence of liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic HBV and HCV infection