Prevalence of partial edentulism, complete edentulism and single complete opposing partial edentulism in relation to the age groups and gender in the local population of Hyderabad

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of partial edentulism, complete edentulism and complete edentulous arch opposing the partial edentulous arches in relation to the various age groups and gender in local population of Hyderabad

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontic, Isra Dental College, Hyderabad. Duration of the study was 6 months, from January 2016 to June, 2016. A total 504 patients were selected for this study on the basis of history and clinical examination. The selected subjects were divided into six age groups. Data was statistically analysed by SPSS statistics software version 21. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean and cross tabulation were applied to test the variables. The level of statistical significance was set to 0.5%

Results: The results showed that out of 504 selected subjects 426 [84.5%] subjects were partially edentulous, as compared to completely edentulous patients who numbered only 66 [13.1%] whereas 7 [1.4%] subjects had complete edentulous upper ridge and partially edentulous lower ridge, only 5 [1%] subjects had complete edentulous lower ridge and partially edentulous upper ridge. Partially edentulous jaws were more prevalent in females and in middle aged patients ranging from 31-40 years and completely edentulous jaws were more prevalent among male subjects in old age subjects who were above 60 years of age. Single complete denture opposing partially edentulous ridges were more common in females and in patients who were above 30 years of age

Conclusion: This study concluded that the partially edentulous jaws were more prevalent as compared to completely edentulous jaws. Partially edentulous jaws were more prevalent in females and in middle aged patients while completely edentulous jaws were more prevalent among male subjects and in old age subjects of either age, whereas single complete denture opposing partially edentulous ridges were more common in females and in patients who were above 30 years of age

To evaluate the self-apprehension of dental students about their own smile aesthetics

Objective: This cross-sectional observational study was accomplished at Isra University to evaluate the self-apprehension of dental students related to their own smile

Material and Methods: This study was comprised of 166 dental students belonging to both genders. A structured selfadministered questionnaire was used to conduct a survey among undergraduate dental students at all study levels in Isra University. Questionnaire was designed to observe the self-apprehension and satisfaction of students with reference to their dental appearance. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics via 21st version of SPSS. 0.05% was established as the level of significance

Results: 166 students [32 males and 134 females] participated in this survey. 32.5% students were shy as against 91.6% students who were bold at smiling in public. 55.4% students preferred to be photographed from side pose while 69.9% were inspired by other's smile. In terms of teeth dimensions, 60.2%, 54.8% and 46.4% students were gratified with the length, breadth and form of their teeth respectively

Conclusion: This study concludes that greater number of dental student were self-assured regarding their apprehension on their own dental appearance. Majority of the females though contented with the dimensions and contour of their teeth, urged to have lighter teeth

assessment of the shade differences in the anterior teeth according to the age and gender, using commercially available shade guide

Objective: To assess the shade differences in the anterior teeth according to the age and gender using commercially available shade guide in the local populations of Hyderabad

Methodology: This cross sectional study comprised of 200 patients belonging to both genders ranging in age from 15 to 75 years, divided into four groups on the basis of chronological age: Group I: 15 to 30, group II: 31 to 45 , group III: 46 to 60 and group IV: 61 and onwards. Shade of the middle third of the labial surface of the anterior teeth was recorded visually using Vitapan® classical shade guide. Data was analyzed via SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution, cross tabulation and descriptive were included in Data analysis. The level of significance was set at <0.05

Results: This study revealed that the most common shade recorded was A2 [45%], followed by B2 [20%] and A3 [10%].Younger patients had lighter tooth shades. Shades were darker with increasing age. The most common shade selected in age group I and group II was A2 which were represented as 52.8% and 52.9% respectively. Among males, the most common shade was A2 [47.6%], followed by B2 [19.5%] and A3 [15.9%] whereas in females most common shade was A2 [43.2%], followed by B2 [20.3%] and A1 [10.2%]

Conclusion: This study concluded that the tooth shade selection was strongly associated with both age and gender. Most common classical shade selected was A2. Shades were darker with the advancing age. Women's teeth were lighter than the men's. This information can be effective for fabrication of more life-like prosthesis

Role of different functional parameters in gratification of denture wearing patients

Objective:To assess the overall satisfaction and to evaluate complications in removable denture patients, during different functional movements

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 180 patients who were restored with removable complete and partial prosthesis. They were analyzed on the basis of a specific questionnaire related to the use of denture and post-insertion follow-ups. For each patient, relevant history was recorded along with oral and a thorough examination of prosthesis they were using. A four-grade scale criteria was used for evaluation and standardization of the study, in terms of different functions and level of comfort

Result:Most of the examined patients showed their satisfaction from their prosthesis.The degree of satisfaction seemed to be directly related to the duration of denture wearing that is the older the denture got, more satisfactory the results were shown.Patients with shorter duration of treatment or those who were recently given the prosthesis, presented with more dissatisfaction and complain about their functional abilities with dentures, while the complains were gradually resolved with passage time as patients got used to them

Conclusion:Majority of the patients showed their gratification with their dentures, which were judged as satisfactory by the dentist. There was a difference between the retention of the upper and lower dentures however in a level of satisfaction with their dentures in different functions like chewing and speaking

Prevalence of gingivitis in school children at different government schools of district hyderabad

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in 5-15 years school going children at different government schools of district Hyderabad

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in government schools on children from nursery to grade 8 in Hyderabad, Sindh from 5th October, 2015 to 6th November, 2015. A total 1093 students varying in age from 5-15 yrs. were counted in the study. We used Periodontal Disease Index [PDI] to assess the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis. Apreformedquestionnaire was used; one house officer and 2 Assistant professors examined the students according to PDI and completed the data form. After evaluation the score was calculated. Data was analyzed via SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution, cross tabulation were included in data analysis. The level of significance was set at <0.05%

Results: This study revealed that 70.4% students were suffering from gingivitis; 25.2% of students suffered from periodontitis and only 4.4% of students were healthy

Conclusion: The prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in government school children of Hyderabad is found to be high

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy; morphological spectrum of lesions

Background: upper GI endoscopy is an established procedure for investigating a wide range of upper GI conditions especially inflammatory and malignant diseases of stomach and esophagus. A good correlation in diagnosis can be achieved by complementing endoscopic findings with histology of biopsy specimens

Aims and objectives: 1] To evaluate morphological patterns of upper GI conditions. 2] To correlate endoscopic characterization of upper GI lesions with histopathological assessment of biopsy specimens

Study design: a retrospective descriptive study

Period: four year period from January 2010 to December 2013

Setting: department of Pathology, LUMHS and were histologically assessed

Material and methods: a total of 433 upper GI endoscopic biopsies were received. Patient's age, gender and presenting complaints were noted

Results: stomach was the most frequent site of endoscopic biopsy [51.3%] followed by esophagus [39%] and duodenum [9.7%]. Majority of patients [51%] presented with dysphagia and abdominal pain. Mean age of presentation was 40 years; age range, 9-90 years and male: female ratio is 1:1.6. Esophageal malignancy was the commonest neoplastic lesion with squamous cell carcinoma being the dominant histological type. Interestingly, inflammatory conditions were more common in the stomach. In the duodenum, celiac disease was clinically suspected and histopathological grading confirmed the diagnosis with majority of the cases showing grade-II pathology

Conclusion: this large retrospective institutional based study showed a good correlation between endoscopic and histological diagnosis. It further shows that esophagus is the predominant site of upper GI malignancy with strong female predominance. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying risk factors

Early breast cancer in females presenting with palpable breast lumps

To determine the frequency of early breast cancer in women presenting with palpable breast lumps. Prospective cohort study. Surgical Unit - IV Civil Hospital Karachi, from December 2011 to June 2012. All female patients 13 year and above with palpable breast lumps were recruited in this study after seeking their consent. Triple assessment was carried out and core biopsies taken. Histopathology reports were recorded. Two hundred and eighty two females between 15 to 80 year [mean= 36.5 year] presented with breast lumps. Of the total 72% [n=199] lumps were benign on histopathology while 29% [n=83] showed malignancy. There were 19 [7%] cases of breast abscess. The frequency of breast cancer was 29% in present group of patients presenting with breast lumps

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without prior ERCP

To find out operative difficulties in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy after ERCP in comparison with those without prior ERCP. Comparative study. Surgical Unit IV Civil Hospital Karachi, from June 2011 to June 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 40 patients with choledocholithiasis, who underwent ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy while in Group 2 there were 40 patients with uncomplicated gallstones who had no intervention prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A total of 80 patients underwent laparoscpic cholecystectomy. Male: female ratio was 8:32 and 5:35 and mean age was 40.20 +/- 11.27 year and 39.58 +/- 11.29 year in Groups 1 and 2 respectively. Statistically significant difficulties were encountered during operation between the groups. Such difficulties were found in 29 [72.5%] and 3 [7.5%] patients in Group 1 and 2 respectively [p<0.0001]. The laparoscopic procedure was converted to open in eight [20%] patients in Group 1 and 1 [2.5%] patient in Group 2 [p=0.01]. Patients with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a mean ERCP frequency of 1.34 +/- 0.74 while those with no difficulty encountered had a mean ERCP frequency of 1.15 +/- 0.38 [p=0.05]. Statistically significant difference was found when comparing the operative difficulties encountered in patients who underwent ERCP and surgery in the same settings and in those where surgery was delayed after ERCP [p<0.001]. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy after ERCP was difficult and challenging. To minimize the complications and conversion, these patients should be operated in same sitting as for ERCP

Hydatidcyst; at rare sites experience at tertiary care hospital

Ecchino coccosis or hydatid cyst disease is a common parasitic disease that is known to affect both humans and animals and is an important health problem in poorly developed countries. In this histopathological retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate hydatid cyst disease occurring at different sites of body and were diagnosed during last fifteen years in pathology department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences [LUMHS], Jamshoro from January 1996 to December 2010. Descriptive retrospective study. A total of 80 cases of hydatid cyst disease of different organs diagnosed at pathology department LUMHS Jamshoro and retrieved from Histopathological record. Out of these 80 cases, 56 cases [70%] were of liver, 8 [10%] of lung, 5 [6.25%] of ovary. 01 case [1.2%] thyroid, 02 cases [2.5%] submandibular region and 8 [10%] each occurring at thigh, forearm, palm, cheek and fronto-temporal region. Majority of cases seen in females and M/F ratio of 1:3.6 and with age range of 8-65 years. More than 50% of cases were seen between 30-65 years of age. Hydatid cyst of liver was most common site followed by lung. But it can also be included in differential diagnosis of solitary cystic lesions of ovary and thyroid as well

Estrogen and progesterone receptor status and Her-2/Neu over expression in breast carcinoma with relation to age

Carcinoma of the breast is the common malignancy in Pakistani females. The study was conducted to assess estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR] and Her-2/neu over-expression in females with relation to age. Institution based prospective study. This study was carried out at the Histopathology section in the Department of Pathology, LUMHS, Jamshoro from March 2010 to December 2011. Fifty cases of breast carcinoma were selected to evaluate ER, PR and Her-2/neu over-expression by Immunohistochemistry [IHC]. The predominant histologic morphology was Infiltrating duct cell carcinoma. Majority of the cases presented with grade-II [78.7%] with a mean age of 46.5 years. IHC performed on 50 cases revealed ER +ve in 34 [68%] cases with a mean age of 47.5 years and ER -ve in 16 [32%] cases with a mean age of 44.5 years while PR +ve in 30 [60%] cases with mean age of 44.1 years and PR -ve in 20 [40%] cases with a mean age of 50.1 years. Her-2/neu over-expression was found in 15 [30%] cases with a mean age of 41.6 years and Her-2/neu -ve in 35 [70%] cases with a mean age of 48.6 years. ER and PR expression was found at a significant level reflecting a good therapeutic and prognostic value but the frequency of Her-2/neu over-expression was high reflecting a bad prognosis

Pancytopenia: a clinico-haematologic analysis of 100 cases at tertiary care hospital

Pancytopenia is a serious haematological problem, which makes the patient prone to anaemic manifestations, infections and bleeding tandency. Underlying it are many diseases, which are diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. This study was done to describe different etiological causes of pancytopenia in adults population of lower Sindh. Cross sectional study. The study was carried out in the department of pathology and diagnostic and research laboratory, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences [LUMHS] Hyderabad in collaboration with medical units of LUMHS Jamshoro from January 2009 to June 2010. A total of 100 adult patients with Pancytopenia diagnosed on peripheral blood smear examination were admitted in four medical units of LUMHS Jamshoro during study period, were followed by bone marrow examination and trephine biopsy wherever required. Megaloblastic anaemia was diagnosed in 46% cases, followed by aplastic anaemia in 22% and Acute leukaemia in 10% cases and 5% cases each were diagnosed as hyperspleenism and disseminated tuberculosis. Multiple myelomas were diagnosed in 4% cases, Meylodysplastic syndrome in 3% and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is seen in 3% and Myelo-fibrosis in 2% cases. It is concluded that Megaloblastic anaemia is most common cause of Pancytopenia in our series followed by aplastic anaemia and acute leukaemia

Presentation of histological types and common sites of oral cancers in lower Sindh

Objectives: to determine the frequency of histological types and common sites of oral cancer nin our population of lower Sindh

Study design: descriptive study

Setting: patients reporting at Liaquat University Hospital, Dental Out-patient Department, Jamshoro and Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan, over a period of one year from January 2007 to December 2007

Subjects and methods: biopsy specimens were obtained from patients who were suspected for oral cancer on clinical grounds. All specimens were processed routinely and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin method

Main outcome measures: histopathological analysis was carried out to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate the histological types

Results: mean age of oral cancer patients was 46.28 years. It was more common in males. Most common site was cheek mucosa. Histopathological analysis showed 47 [44.3%] patients having well-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma while 24 [22.6%] patients had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Twelve [11.4%] patients had micro invasive carcinoma and 11 [10.5%] specimen revealed mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Verrucous carcinoma was observed in 06 [5.7%] patients and 03 [2.8%] patients showed poorly differentiated anaplastic carcinoma. The frequency of carcinoma in situ, neuroendocrine tumor and carcinosarcoma was 1 [0.9%] each

Conclusion: this study gives a detailed account of the histological types of oral cancer along with their frequency and reports two rare malignant tumors occurring in oral cavity. Oral cancer occurred at a younger age with male preponderance. A higher frequency of mucoepidermoid carcinoma was observed

Endometriosis in caesarian section scar

Endometriosis is a very common benign gynecological condition, It is the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Though it can involve most parts of the body, scar endometriosis is an infrequent condition. The wide array of clinical presentations makes it difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we report two cases of caesarian section endometriosis. One presented as a painful swelling and the other as an area of induration in the scar. Only one of the patients had been on medical treatment with Danazol. Despite that both patients remained symptom free after excision of their lesions

Pattern of solid paediatric malignant neoplasm at LUMHS, Jamshoro, Pakistan

To evaluate pattern and frequency of solid malignant tumour in paediatric age group in our region. A retrospective study of 113 patients, whose surgical biopsies submitted in histopathology section of Pathology department, LUMHS Jamshoro from January 2001 to December 2005. Total of 113 cases, 61 male and 52 female children in age group from 4 months to 15 years were diagnosed as solid malignant tumour with M/F ratio of 1.79:1 and mean age of 6.6 year. Maximum no. of patients was in 0-4 age 50.4%, followed by 32.7% in 4-9 and 16.8% in 10-15 years. The five most common tumours were Retinoblastoma 38.9%, Wilm's tumour 13.2%, Brain tumour [Glial tumours] 10.6%, Hodgkin disease 9.7% and soft tissue sarcomas 9.7%. Retinoblastoma and Wilm's tumour were common in 0-4 year age group, where as rest of tumour were more frequent in 5-9 and 10-15 years age group. Brain tumours and soft tissue sarcomas were common in females, while Hodgkin's disease was more common in males. Retinoblastoma was most common solid malignant tumour in early age group. It calls for ophthalmologic screening of all children below 1 year and high risk children until the age of 7 year, in order to detect retinoblastoma as early as possible

Aspiration combined with seton insertion for treatment of wrist ganglions

To evaluate the results of Aspiration combined with Seton insertion in the treatment of wrist Ganglions. Prospective, quasi experimental study from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006. Surgical Unit V, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Fifty five patients who presented with wrist Ganglia. All patients were assessed in detail clinically, and treated by aspiration with 14 gauge IV cannula and 10cc syringe followed b Seton [Silk No. 1 on straight needle] insertion through the cavity. Seton was removed on the 12th day. The average follow-up time was one year. Out of 55 patients, 51 [92.7%] had a Dorsal Carpal Ganglion and 4 [7.3%] a Volar Ganglion. Twenty nine [52.7%] cases were males and 26 [47.3%] females, with an age range from 17-35 years. All patients complained of a localized swelling, while 12 [21%] had pain during activity. Fifty two [95%] cases had a smooth recovery, while two had residual swellings requiring re-aspiration and on developed signs of inflammation which subsided on conservative management. No recurrence of the ganglion occurred in any case. Aspiration combined with seton insertion for treating Ganglions of wrist is a simple, economic, cosmetic, uncomplicated procedure which can be done in the out-patient department. It is a reliable and safe alternative to open resection for successful eradication of the wrist Ganglion

Biliary leakage following cholecystectomy and its outcome

To find out the causes and outcome of management in cases of bile leakage following cholecystectomy. Prospective descriptive study from April 2005 to December 2006. Surgical Unit five of Civil Hospital, Karachi. A total of 140 patients who were operated for symptomatic gall stones. Detailed information regarding the patients was collected. Initially due to non-availability of ERCP as well as high cost in the private sector, all patients with biliary leakage underwent open surgery. Later on all patients underwent ERCP due to its availability in the unit; operative intervention was only undertaken when the ERCP was not therapeutic or failed. Ultrasound studies were done in patients who were suspected to have bile collections but no discharge from the drains or the operative wounds. Out of 140 patients, two patients were noticed to have biliary leakage during surgery and 10 post-operatively. The former cases underwent repair on the spot, while in the latter group five underwent re-exploration and four ERCP; one patient expired without intervention and another from the re-exploration group. In three patients ERCP was successful and sphincterotomy with stenting was done while in one patient there was failure of cannulation, resulting in open exploration

Presentation of enlarged lymph nodes

To find out the pathology of enlarged lymph nodes, their clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Descriptive study. Surgical Department, Sindh Govt Lyari General Hospital, Karachi. Total number of patients studied were 400 [262females, 138 males]. Male tofemale ratio was 1:1.89. Most of the patients were in younger age group. 40% were in the second decade, followed by 3rd decade, 23.2%. Majority had history of lump [92.5%], low gradefever [50.0%], cold abscess [49.25%], cough [48.0%], non healing ulcer [22.5%], discharging sinuses [21.5%], anorexia and weight loss [18.25%]. Associated pulmonary tuberculosis was present in few cases. Commonest group of lymph nodes affected were cervical, 74.5% followed by axillary lymph nodes 10.5%. Pathology found was tuberculosis 63% followed by reactive changes 11.25%, chronic non specific lymphadenitis 10.50%, non Hodgkin lymphoma 6.25%, Hodgkin's disease 5.50% and metastatic carcinoma 3.50%. This study concludes that highest number of patients were in the second decade with female predominance. Commonest pathology noticed was tuberculosis followed by non specific lymphadenitis

Frequemcy of Breast Diseases at a tertiary Hospital of Karachi

To see the pattern of breast diseases at our set up. A descriptive study. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi - Pakistan for a period of three years. A total of 300 patients attending breast care clinics were evaluated. They were followed up till biopsy. All patients were females between 11-90 years of age. Majority of the patients belonged to the lower socioeconomic group. Data was collected through a specifically designed proforma. Most common presenting complaint was breast lump with other symptoms. Majority presented to the clinician within 6 months of development of lump. Most of the patients were married [69%] and majority [67%] was in the reproductive age while 32% were postmenopausal. Only 1% of the patients were in premenarche age. Most common site was upper and outer quadrant of left breast. Most common breast disease was carcinoma [30%] followed by inflammatory diseases [25%], fibroadenoma [24%] and fibrocystic disease [20%]. Only 1% of patients had no disease. Invasive ductal carcinoma NOS was the most common histologic type [51%]. Breast cancer in this study shows a higher frequency of this disease in Pakistan when compared to the world standards and to the other studies carried out in our country

Pilonidal sinus excision, primary lateral closure with wound drainage

To find out the efficacy of excision of pilonidal sinus, primary lateral closure and wound drainage in terms of rapid healing of the wound, decreased morbidity, hospital stay, expenses and early return of the patient to work. Interuentional Study. Surgical unit VII of Dow Medical College and Lyari General Hospital Karachi, over a period of 3, 1/2 years from January 2001 till June, 2004. A study was conducted on 30 patients fulfilling the criteria for excision of pilonidal sinus, primary lateral closure and wound drainage. Patients were having either one or multiple discharging sinuses without abscess formation and those with multiple sinuses, opening not more than 2cms from the midline. Patients with past history of abscess formation, surgery and diabetes were excluded from the study. Patients' age, profession, height, weight, symptoms, signs and their duration, previous treatment, duration of operation, hospital stay and total cost and return to normal activity were noted. Excision of pilonidal sinus primary lateral closure and wound drainage had excellent results. Healing with primary intention took place within 10 days in all cases with return to work in 2 weeks time. Patients were followed up till June, 2004 without any evidence of recurrence. Excision with primary closure of wound lateral to midline to flatten the natal cleft and post operative drainage of the wound with use of antibiotic are m and atory for smooth healing,thus preventing complications and recurrence

Hydatid cyst of breast a case report

A 32 years old lady lactating for 9 months presented with lump in breast for 6 months.Mammography was the only investigation which patient had with her and was not willing for further investigations. Clinical and mammographic assessment was suggestive of cystic lesion of breast probably galactococle. Lumpectomy was done and biopsy report suggested hydatid cyst