RESUMO
The markedly high prevalence of obesity contributes to the increased incidence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and heart disease. Because of high prevalence of obesity in almost all countries, it has been the focus of many researches throughout the world during the recent decades. Along with increasing researches, new concepts and controversies have been emerged. The existing controversies on the topic are so deep that some researches argue on absolutely philosophical questions such as "Is obesity a disease?" or "Is it corrects to treat obesity?" These questions are based on a few theories and real data that explain obesity as a biological adaptation and also the final results of weight loss programs. Many people attempt to lose weight by diet therapy, physical activity and lifestyle modifications. Importantly, weight loss strategies in the long term are ineffective and may have unintended consequences including decreasing energy expenditure, complicated appetite control, eating disorders, reducing self-esteem, increasing the plasma and tissue levels of persistent organic pollutants that promote metabolic complications, and consequently, higher risk of repeated cycles of weight loss and weight regain. In this review, major paradoxes and controversies on obesity including classic obesity paradox, pre obesity; fat-but-fit theory, and healthy obesity are explained. In addition, the relevant strategies like "Health at Every Size" that emphasize on promotion of global health behaviors rather than weight loss programs are explained
RESUMO
Ankylosing spondylitis [AS] is a spondyloarthropathy of unknown etiology, with widespread effect on axial and peripheral skeleton. The aim of this study was determination of pentoxifylline effect on Bath Ankylosing spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI] of uncontrolled AS patients in Rasool-e-Akram Hospital Rheumatology Clinic. This pilot study was performed on 30 patients with ankylosis spondylitis with BASDAI>/=4 ignoring their previous medical treatments. The patients received Pentoxifylline tablets 400 mg TDS and then evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after the treatment. Data were analyzed by Paired T test and p<0.05 was considered to be significant. 30 patients [26 males [86.7%], 4 females [13.3%]] with ankylosing spondylitis were evaluated. Mean age of patients was 32.42 +/- 8.14. Mean +/- standard deviation of BASDAI was 6.53 +/- 1.72 prior to the treatment, which decreased to 5.17 +/- 1.58 after 6 weeks and 4.88 +/- 1.66 after 12 weeks of treatment [p=0/000]. The differences of BASDAI before and after treatment with pentoxifylline were significant. Pentoxifylline can be advised for uncontrolled AS patients regardless of current or previous treatment
RESUMO
Different criteria have been used for classification of SLE as ACR and BW criteria [BW]. In BW criteria every item has score. The outcome of this study is comparison of ACR with BW criteria diagnosis of SLE. All SLE patients who referred to rheumatology clinic of Rasool Akram hospital were enrolled in this study that was from 2004 to 2006. All data recorded of medical file and specialists to rheumatologist diagnosis were enrolled in this study. All patients [67:2 m, 65 f] were diagnosed by rheumatologist as a SLE. 61 patients full filled ACR criteria [91%] and 62 patients full filled BW criteria [92%]. Sensitivity and specificity of BW criteria was 98% and 67% respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of BW Criteria was 96.7% and 80% respectively. Agreement between two criteria was 0.703 according to kappa [0.703] and P value was<0.001. In this study sensitivity of BW criteria was more than ACR criteria [98% versus 91%] and specificity BW criteria was less than ACR criteria [67% versus 71.9%]