effect of acute consumption of paraoxon on basal and Pentagastrin-Stimulated Gastric acid and pepsin secretion in rats

Paraoxon is an organophosphate. Organophosphate inhibit acetylcholinestrase enzyme and cause nicotinic and muscarinic sings. There is no study on our knowledge regarding the effect of these substances on gastric acid and pepsin secretion. In the present study, the effect of acute consumption of paraoxon on gastric acid and pepsin secretion has been investigated. In the present study 30 female N-mari rats weighing 200-250gr were used. The first group [paraoxon] received 0.5mg/kg paraoxon intraperitonealy. The second group [alcohol] received the dozes of ethyl alcohol [96%] and the third group [control] received no drug. Animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 50mg/kg Sodium thiopental. After trachesotomy and laparatomy gastric secretions were collected with a tube via duodenum. Pentagastrin [25 micro g/kg. ip] was used as gastric stimulator. Acid and pepsin secretions were measured by titration and Anson methods respectively. Stages of measurement were basal, stimulated. and re-basal. The basal acid secretion in control, alcohol and paraoxon groups was 7.6 +/- 0.26, 7.46 +/- 0.4 and 7.03 +/- 0.28 micro mol/15min respectively that shows no significant difference among three groups. Although following pentagastrin-stimulation acid secretion was significantly more than basal stage in all groups, but there was significantly more secretion in control than alcohol subjects. But there was no difference between control and paraoxon or alcohol and paraoxon groups in this regard. Regarding pepsin secretion, there was significantly more secretion in alcohol subjects than others in all measured stages. In comparison to control group, acute paraoxon has no effect on basal acid pepsin secretion, while acute alcohol caused a significant increase in basal acid/pepsin secretion

Garlic effects on gastric acid and pepsin secretions in rat

Garlic [Allium Satiyum] is a plant widely used in traditional medicine. Its anti-hypertensive, lipid lowering, oxidative activities, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal properties have been proven. It has a tonic effects on stomach but its effects on gastric secretion is not known. To investigate the effect of garlic extract on basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid and secretions in rats. Garlic extract stimulates gastric gland causing increased production/release of basal acid and pepsin level. Garlic acid mask pentagastrin stimulatory response and causes decrease in acid and pepsin secretary level. Two group of wistar rats [12 in each group] weighing 200-250gm were used. The first group was considered as study group and received garlic extract, the second group was considered as control. Animal were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental [50 mg/kg] and after tracheotomy and ligation of cervical esophagus, laparotomy was done. A cannula was placed in stomach through duodenum and 1ml of normal saline was injected in to stomach in each group. After 30 minutes their stomach were emptied. Next in study group 1ml garlic extract [100 mg/kg] and in control group 1ml normal saline were introduced into stomach. After 15 min 1ml normal saline was injected in both groups and immediately all gastric contents were collected in both groups by wash out technique and basal secretions of acid and pepsin were measured. In order to measure pentagastrin effect on gastric secretions, 25 micro gram/kg pentagastrin was used in both groups. Basal acid secretion in study group showed a significant increase in comparison to control group with P value <0.001 [15.6 +/- 1.63 micro mol/15 min in case group vs 4.1 +/- 0.36 micro mol/15min]. Basal pepsin secretion in study group showed a significant increase in comparison to control group with P value <0.001 [7.27 +/- 0.15 micro gm/15min in case group vs 5.62 +/- 0.12 micro gm/15min]. On pentagastrin stimulation, acid secretion in control group showed a significant increase in comparison to its basal value with P value <0.001 [10.14 +/- 1.34 micro mol/15min in vs 4.1 +/- 0.36 micro mol/15 min] but its value decreases in study group [10.5 +/- 1.89 micro mol/15min basal value]. In control group following pentagastrin stimulation, pepsin secretion showed a significant increase in comparison to its basal value with P value <0.001 [6.9 +/- 0.12 micro gm/15min in case group vs 5.62 +/- 0.12 micro gm/15min], while in study group there is no significant difference from its basal value [7.03 +/- 0.03 micro gm/15 min vs 7.27 +/- 0.15 micro gm/15 min basal value]. Garlic extract have a stimulatory effect on acid and pepsin secretion. The possible mechanism cloud be: a] Increase in parietal or chief cell activities due to Ach release. b] Due to its stimulatory effect on histamine release. However, on pentagastrin stimulation acid secretion decline and pepsin level remain same in study group and this effect may be due to rapid emptying of gastric acid stock or due to inhibition of gastric activity because of attachment of some components in garlic extracts to gastrin receptors on parietal cells

Effect of thyroid hormones on distension - induced gastric acid and pepsin secrertions in rats

Thyroid hormones are known to influence acid and pepsin secretion, though the exact mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, distension-stimulated acid and pepsin secretions in hypo- and hyperthyroid rats were compared with controls. Materials and Each group consisted of 8 N-mari rats of both sexes, weighing 246.6 +/- 9.2 g. Hypo- and hyperthyroid states were induced by administration of methimazole [500 mg/L H2O] and thyroxin [200 micro g/L H2O] respectively, in drinking water. All animals were deprived of food, but not of water 24 hours before the experiments. After anesthetization with sodium thiopental [50 mg/kg body weight, ip], tracheotomy and laparatomy, gastric secretions were collected through a cannula introduced via the duodenum. Gastric distension was induced by the injection of Ringer solution in stomach [1.5 cm3/100 g body weight]. Acid secretions, which were measured by automatic titrator in the hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and control groups were 8 +/- 0.2, 14.6 +/- 1.9 and 10.2 +/- 0.1 micro mol/15 min, respectively. Pepsin secretions were 4.4 +/- 0.5, 9.09 +/- 0.4 and 6.1 +/- 0.1 mg/15 min. in respective groups. There were statistically significant differences in both series between control and the other two groups. The results from the measurements of thyroid-stimulating hormones and T4 hormones showed that increased or decreased thyroid function can significantly affect gastric distension-induced acid and pepsin secretion