Sex differences in sacra in the Punjab region

Seventy four sacra in the Punjab region of Pakistan were studied; these were collected from the Departments of Anatomy, Fatima Jinnah Medical College [FJMC], Services Institute of Medical Sciences [SIMS] and Combined Military Hospital Medical Colleges [CMHMC], Lahore. Various Points on the sacra were demarked and seven different parameters were measured and the percentage of bones identified by the demarking points [DP]. The data of the Punjab region, thus was collected was compared with data available from the Agra region, India. Among the measurements recorded, it was noticed that the demarking points of length of sacrum and its surface were reliable for sex differentiation. Furthermore, the sacral and the auricular indices were most dependable for determining the sex of the sacra, accuracy is 100%, any single parameter may not identify sex of the bones in 100% cases

Ultrsound evaluation of ovarian size in normal menstruating women

Study was designed to evaluate the ovarian size in normal menstruating women with age range of 15 to 25 and 26-40 years using the technique of Abdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography. The ovaries of 150 women with age range 15-25 and 26-40 years who contacted the fertility clinic in Lahore, were examined. The length, breadth and width of ovaries were measured. Mean ovarian volume of right and left ovary was calculated using ellipsoid method. Present study observed that mean ovarian volume of right and left ovary were 7.12 and 7.41 ml respectively in females of both groups. We could not find difference between the volumes of the right and left ovaries in any age group. It was concluded that the mean ovarian volume was greater in the normal women as compared to studies reported. However further research is needed on large number of normal women to reach a better conclusion