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Background: In modern era, endoscopic methods are commonly used in evaluation of female infertility. Hysterolaparoscopy is such a real time theranostic modality for anatomical causes of the infertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of accessory parameters (Age, Body mass index, duration of infertility, Rhesus factor, menstruation history and hemoglobin) on success rate of endoscopic procedures in terms of achieving pregnancy.Methods: A total 157 female infertile patients (Mean± standard deviation 27.72±3.82 years) were recruited in present study. During initial assessment detailed history was taken and hysterolaparoscopy was performed. The observed structural abnormalities on hysterolaparoscopy during diagnostic work up were tackled at same time if possible. After procedure, patients were counselled for regular sexual activity. The follow-up of all patients was done for 12 months.Results: A total 157 female infertile patients were recruited and divided into primary 93 (59.2%) and secondary infertile 64 (41.74%) patients on basis of obstetric history. The average age, BMI, hemoglobin and duration of infertility were 27.7years, 21.8 kg/m2, 12.3 gm and 3.9 years respectively. Out of 157 patients, anatomical abnormalities were detected in 125 patients during Hysterolaparoscopy and distributed in 77/93 (82.8%) primary and 48/64 (75%) secondary infertile patients. Of 125 patients with abnormal hysterolaparoscopic findings, 121 underwent active intervention and on follow up, 43 patients were conceived. We found that age; BMI, Rhesus factor, menstruation history and duration of the infertility were not correlated with fertility outcome while hemoglobin level was significantly correlated with conception rate.Conclusions: Authors concluded that outcome of the hysterolaparoscopy in female infertile patients is significantly depends upon hemoglobin levels, however outcome is irrelevant to age, duration of infertility, Rhesus factor and body mass index.
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Background: To compare the types of hysterolaparoscopic interventions in female infertile patients and evaluate the outcome in terms of achieving pregnancy at follow up of 12 months.Methods: We prospectively evaluated 157 female-infertile-patients (age range 19-35 years; mean age 27.75 years). During their workup, all underwent hysterolaparoscopy. The detected anatomical abnormalities on hysterolaparoscopy were also tackled at same time if possible. After hysterolaparoscopy, Patients were advised for regular sexual activity. Follow-up of all recruited patients was done for 12 months or till achievement of fetal cardiac activity.Results: Of the 157 female-infertile-patients, 93 (59.2%) were of primary infertility and remaining 64 (41.74%) were secondary infertility patients. Hysterolaparoscopy revealed abnormalities in 125/157 patients. Of the 125 patients with abnormal hysterolaparoscopic findings, 121 underwent active therapeutic interventions. Out of 121 underwent active intervention and 43 patients conceived during next 12 months. Of 121 patients, 81 (66.9%) experienced single type intervention and remaining 40 (33.1%) experienced multiple type of the intervention. Among 81 patients with single type intervention, 28 conceived while 33 patients with multiple type of intervention 15 conceived. There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcome in both groups. When we analyzed independently in primary and secondary infertility patients, similarly there was no significant difference in the pregnancy outcome.Conclusions: We concluded the conception rate was not significantly difference in infertile female patients, who underwent either single or multiple type hysterolaparoscopic intervention. So hysterolaparoscopy interventions should be performed in infertile female patients irrespective of type and extent of pelvic pathologies.
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Chronic inflammatory responses have long been observed to be associated with various types of cancer and play decisive roles at different stages of cancer development. Inflammasomes, which are potent inducers of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 during inflammation, are large protein complexes typically consisting of a Nod-like receptor (NLR), the adapter protein ASC, and Caspase-1. During malignant transformation or cancer therapy, the inflammasomes are postulated to become activated in response to danger signals arising from the tumors or from therapy-induced damage to the tumor or healthy tissue. The activation of inflammasomes plays diverse and sometimes contrasting roles in cancer promotion and therapy depending on the specific context. Here we summarize the role of different inflammasome complexes in cancer progression and therapy. Inflammasome components and pathways may provide novel targets to treat certain types of cancer; however, using such agents should be cautiously evaluated due to the complex roles that inflammasomes and pro-inflammatory cytokines play in immunity.