RESUMO
Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] infection is cause of several gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Virulence genes of H. pylori are associated with severity of disease and vary geographically. The aim of present study was to detect H. pylori in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissues and further investigate prevalence of babA2, cagA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA s1/s2 and vacA m1/m2 genotypes in H. pylori from gastric cancer [GC] and gastric ulcer [GU] patients' biopsy samples
Methods: We used FFPE tissues of 35 GC and 10 GU patients' biopsy samples. Using Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR], detection of H. pylori strain was performed by using specific primers targeting 16S rRNA and ureC encodes for phosphoglucosamine mutase genes. We have identified different virulence genes of H. pylori by PCR
Results: Of all the 45 samples tested, 20 GC and all 10 GU samples were positive for identification of H. pylori using specific genes [16S rRNA and ureC]. The prevalence of babA2 [100%] was significantly higher in GC as compared to GU [40%] samples. The rate of virulence genes vacAs1 was higher in both GU 8 [80%] and GC [100%]
Conclusions: Our study finds that vacAs1am1 and babA2 are most prominent genotypes and may play role in development of Gastric cancer
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Objective: Seizures are one of the neurodegenerative disorders of human being. Metformin has antioxidant properties and commonly used as an oral antidiabetic drug. The current study was aimed to observe the neuroprotective effect of metformin against PTZ-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in human cortical neuronal cell culture
Methods: To observe that exposure of pentylenetetrazol [PTZ] at the dose of [30mM] for 30 minutes induced neuronal cell death by activation of caspase-3 in human cortical neuronal 2 [HCN-2] cell line. While the metformin at the dose of [20mM] along with PTZ for 30 minutes showed neuroprotection against PTZ-induced neuronal cell loss by MTT assay and Western blot analysis
Results: The results of this study showed that PTZ-induced neuronal cell death by activation of pro apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and 9 whereas the exposure of metformin showed its protective effect against neuronal loss in HCN-2 cell line. Finally, our results showed that exposure of metformin can prevent the harmful effect induced by PTZ in neuronal cells cultures
Conclusions: Our finding suggest that metformin exposure attenuates PTZ-induced neuronal cell death may act as a safe therapeutics and neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neuronal loss as result of seizure
RESUMO
Pollen fertility of the flora of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, has been studied. Observations revealed that the highest value of pollen fertility was found in Cynoglossum lanceolatum as 99.9% and the lowest value was noted in Boerhaavia diffusa as 51.85%. Most of the flora of the area is genetically stable having the range of pollen fertility as 81 to 86%