Cytotoxicity of 4 Wild Mushrooms in a Case of Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD), to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.@*METHODS@#Four kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.@*RESULTS@#Species identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.

Detection of SMO gene mutations in odontogenic keratocyst / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To detect the SMO mutations in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and to explore the mechanism behind. Methods: Patients with OKC who received treatment in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology,Peking University, from September 2012 to June 2017 were enrolled. OKC samples from 10 patients diagnosed as naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS)-related OKC (4 females and 6 males) and 20 patients diagnosed as sporadic OKC (7 females and 13 males) were collected. Genomic DNAs were extracted from fibrous capsules and epithelial lining respectively. SMO mutations were detected and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Three SMO mutations were found in one NBCCS-associated OKC who carrying c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutation) and two sporadic OKC who carrying c.907C>T (p.L303F) mutation and c.1247_1248delinsAA (p.G416E), respectively), among which the first two mutations were novel mutations that had not been reported before. Besides, two mutations in sporadic OKC were not paired with PTCH1 mutations. Conclusions: In addition to PTCH1 gene mutations, SMO gene mutations also exist in OKC which might be related to the development of OKC.

Pneumonia, Multiple Pulmonary Infarction and Abscess Caused by a Bamboo Stick Accidentally Piercing into Chest: a Case Misdiagnosed as Pulmonary Tuberculosis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Computed tomography (CT) examination is the major measure for detecting and diagnosis of foreign bodies in human body. Although CT has high sensitivity in diagnosis of foreign body, some interference factors may still lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Here we report a rare case that a bamboo stick accidentally pierced into the left chest of a young man who was drunk and unware of this hurt. The patient experienced cough, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, and was misdiagnosed as primary and secondary tuberculosis based on chest CT examinations at a local hospital, although no tubercular bacillus detected by sputum smear. He subsequently received anti-tuberculous treatments in the following three years, but no improvement of his symptoms was observed. Until one month before his death, the bamboo stick was detected by spiral CT examination as well as three-dimensional image reconstruction at another hospital. Postmortem examination revealed pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, and abscess as the causes of his death. We analyze the potential reasons of misdiagnosis in this case, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary inflammation associated with foreign body in the future.

Relationship between lactic acid concentration and osteoclast differentiation of mouse monocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Preliminary study found that polylactic acid composite material could accelerate the bone construction rate, and the underlying mechanism still needs to be studied further. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lactic acid at different concentrations on osteoclast differentiation of mononuclear cells in mice. METHODS: Mouse RAW264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM with 0 (control group), 5, 10 and 20 mmol/L lactic acid, respectively, under the induction of 50 µg/L RANKL for 5 days. The effect of lactic acid concentration on the cell proliferation rate was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive polykaryotic cells were stained and counted with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining kit. mRNA expression levels of acid phosphatase 5, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 and RANK were detected by RT-PCR. Protein expression levels of cathepsin K and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) 5 mmol/L lactic acid produced the highest proliferation rate of raw264.7 cells, whereas the 20 mmol/L lactic acid produced lowest cell proliferation rate. Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate of raw264.7 cells by 10 mmol/L lactic acid was insignificant. (2) Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining showed the highest positive rate and mRNA expression levels of acid phosphatase 5, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 and RANK under the condition of 10 mmol/L lactic acid. (3) With the increase of lactic acid concentration, the expression level of cathepsin K increased, while the expression level of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 was on a decline. (4) Under the current experimental conditions, with the increase of lactic acid concentration, the ability of lactic acid to promote the osteoclast differentiation of mouse RAW264.7 cells is firstly increased and then decreased, and 10 mmol/L lactic acid was the optimal concentration to promote the osteoclast differentiation of mouse RAW264.7 cells. Lactic acid can affect the osteoclastic differentiation of mouse raw264.7 cells by nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 in nuclear factor-KB signaling pathway.

Cardiac Disease Associated Genetic Variants in Yi Nationality in Regions with High Incidence of Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the association of cardiac disease associated genetic variants and the high incidence of Yunnan sudden unexplained death （YNSUD） in Yi nationality. Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples collected from 205 Yi villagers from YNSUD aggregative villages （inpatient group） and 197 healthy Yi villagers from neighboring villages （control group）. Fifty-two single nucleotide variants （SNVs） of 25 cardiac disease associated genes were genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. The SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze data. The pathogenicities of variants with differences between the two groups that have statistical significance were predicted by protein function prediction software PolyPhen-2 and SIFT. All villagers from inpatient group were given electrocardiogram （ECG） examination using a 12-lead electrocardiograph. Results The allele frequency and the genotype frequency of missense mutation DSG2 （rs2278792, c.2318G>A, p.R773K） of pathogenic genes of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy （ARVC） in inpatient group was higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. Abnormal ECG changes were detected in 71 individuals （34.6%） in the inpatient group, among which 54 individuals carried R773K mutation, including clockwise （counterclockwise） rotation, left （right） axis deviation, ST segment and T wave alteration and heart-blocking. Conclusion Definite pathogenic mutations have not been found in the 52 cardiac disease genes associated SNVs detected in Yi nationality in regions with high incidence of YNSUD. The cause of high incidence of YNSUD in Yi nationality needs further study.

Efficacy of Qingfei Huatantang in Treatment of COPD by Up-regulating Expression of CFTR Through JAK2/STAT3 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Qingfei Huatan Tang on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method:The rat model of COPD was established through smoke inhalation combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pulmonary compound injection. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the control group, the COPD model group, low, medium and high-dose Qingfei Huatan Tang groups and the ambroxol group. After 28 days of modeling, the drug was administered. Low, medium and high-dose Qingfei Huatan Tang (7.5, 15, 30 g·kg-1) and ambroxol (35 mg·kg-1) were administered continuously for 14 days. Immunohistochemistry and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) were used to detect protein expression and mRNA expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in pulmonary fibrosis. NCI-H292 cells were induced by LPS to establish a mucus hypersecretion model. The experiment was divided into 8 groups, namely the blank control group, LPS group, LPS+10% fetal bovine serum group, LPS+ physiological serum group, LPS+5% drug serum group, LPS+10% drug serum group, LPS+20% drug serum group and LPS+AG490 group. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and Real-time PCR were used to observe the protein and mRNA expressions of CFTR in NCI-H292 cells after LPS stimulation, and western blot was used to detect the expression of tyrosine kinase 2/transcription factor 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in NCI-H292 cells after LPS stimulation. Result:There were a large number of brown particles around the lumen of lung tissues in the normal group, with increased COPD expression. There were a few brown particles around the lumen of lung tissues in the model group compared with the normal group, with decreased COPD expression. Compared with the normal group, mRNA and protein expressions of CFTR in the lung tissues of the COPD model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA and protein expressions of CFTR in the lung tissues of low, medium and high-dose Qingfei Huatan Tang groups (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, mRNA and protein expressions of CFTR in NCI-H292 cells of the LPS group (P<0.05), with significant increases in protein expressions of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, 5%, 10%, 20% Qingfei Huatan Tang-containing serum groups showed significant increases in mRNA and protein expressions of CFTR, but with significant decreases in p-JAK2, p-STAT3 protein expressions (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion:Qingfei Huatan Tang up-regulated CFTR in the treatment of COPD by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Effects of neurophysiological facilitation and external pacing of diaphragm on post-stroke respiratory function / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe of the effect of neurophysiological facilitation of respiration combined with external diaphragm pacing on the respiration of stroke survivors. Methods Sixty-four stroke survivors were divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group, each of 32. Both groups were given routine drugs, while the treatment group was additionally provided with an external diaphragm pacemaker. Those in the treatment group also received neurophysiological facilitation of respiration six times a week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, ar-terial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was measured in both groups along with arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), arterial oxygen saturation ( O2sat) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Ultrasonography was used to measure diaphragm mobility at the end of expiration and inspiration (Δm) , diaphragm mobility of the end of forced inspiration and expiration ( ΔM), and the difference of diaphragm thickness ( Δd). First second forced expiratory volume ( FEV), and maximum voluntary ventilation (FVC) were also measured. Results After the treatment, the average PaO2, PaCO2, O2sat, CRP, Δm, ΔM, FEV and FVC of the treatment group were all significantly better than before the treatment and better than those of the control group. Conclusion Neurophysiological therapy combined with an external diaphragm pacemaker can significantly improve the respiration of stroke survivors, reducing the risk of lung infection.

Mechanism of the anthocyanin single component cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibiting proliferation and migration of B16-F10 cells / 生理学报

To study the effects of the anthocyanin single component cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy-3-glu) on the proliferation and migration of mouse melanoma cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, B16-F10 cells were treated with different concentrations of Cy-3-glu. Cell viability was analyzed by a CCK-8 method. Cell migration was determined by the callus scratching technique. Cell cycle was measured by the flow cytometry. The expression levels of genes involved in cell cycle regulation were detected by real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of p-AKT, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin were analyzed by Western blot. The growth and migration of B16-F10 cells in C57BL/6J mice were monitored by the cryogenically cooled IVIS-imaging system. The results showed that Cy-3-glu significantly inhibited the growth (P < 0.001) and migration (P < 0.01) of B16-F10 cells, and arrested the cell cycle in the S phase. After Cy-3-glu treatment, the expression levels of p-AKT (P < 0.05), N-cadherin and vimentin (P < 0.001) were decreased significantly, and the expression level of E-cadherin was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). The size and weight of tumors and tumor metastasis in mice fed with a diet containing Cy-3-glu were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Cy-3-glu inhibits proliferation and migration of B16-F10 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, cell adhesion and migration signals.

Advanced research and technology development of antibody-drug conjugates / 药学学报

Although numbers of naked antibodies showing clinical efficacy as single agents, their therapeutic effect is limited. Chemotherapy is very effective but with relatively large side effects, so conjugation of small chemotherapeutic drugs to antibodies is one of the important methods to enhance therapeutic potential of antibodies. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients by combining the antigen-targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapeutic drugs. These modified antibodies are expected to selectively deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells and provide sustained clinical benefit to cancer patients, at the same time, minimizing systemic toxicity. ADCs are expected to bring together the benefits of highly potent drugs on the one hand and selective binders of specific tumor antigens on the other hand. However, designing an ADC is very complex, requiring thoughtful combination of antibody, linker, and payload drugs in the context of a target and a defined cancer indication. Although many challenges remain, recent clinical success has generated intense interest in this therapeutic class.

Forensic Pathology Analysis of 363 Sudden Death Cases in Yunnan Province / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the epidemiological and pathological features of sudden death （SD） in Yunnan Province and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and forensic identification of sudden death.@*METHODS@#Totally 363 SD cases were collected from the autopsies between 2009 and 2017 in the Forensic Centre of Kunming Medical University. The related factors such as etiology, age, inducing factor, time interval between the onset of disease and death, morbidity season and pathological change were retrospectively analysed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of SD in males was significantly higher than that of females. The peak age was ≥35-55 years. The mortality rate was relatively high within 6 h after the onset of disease. The season order with descending number of deaths was spring, summer, winter and autumn. The top ten causes of SD were coronary heart disease, sudden unexplained death （SUD）, cerebral hemorrhage, acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis, aortic dissection rupture, cardiomyopathy, pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism and allergy. Exercise, infusion, surgery, medication and minor injury were the most common predisposing factors of sudden coronary death. Consciousness disorder or coma, chest pain or chest tightness, and abdominal pain were the most common premortem symptoms of sudden coronary death.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The SD is more common in middle-aged males, which is the key population for the prevention of SD. For the forensic identification and prevention of SD, the attention on SUD should be paid.

Complementary feeding patterns among ethnic groups in rural western China / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#This study investigated complementary feeding practices among four ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang) based on a cross-sectional survey in rural western China.@*METHODS@#In 2005, a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 9712 children (7411 Han, 1032 Uygur, 678 Tibetan, and 591 Zhuang) between 6 and 35 months of age and their mothers from 45 counties in 10 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in western China.@*RESULTS@#The rates of early introduction (before 6 months) of complementary foods in four ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang) were 71.30%, 95.95%, 82.40%, and 72.30%, respectively. The Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) for Uygur and Tibetan children was lower than that for Han children at all age groups. Uygur children were more likely to have unqualified ICFI compared with Han children in a multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio (OR)=5.138, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.340-6.084). A higher level of maternal education, greater family wealth, and the availability of complementary feeding educational materials decreased the likelihood of an unqualified ICFI. The nutritional status of children (Han, Tibetan, and Zhuang) with qualified ICFI was better than that for children with unqualified ICFI.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Appropriate interventions are required to improve complementary feeding practices in rural western China.

Therapeutic Observation of Salt-partitioned Moxibustion plus Oral Administration of You Gui Wan for Bradycardiac Arrhythmias / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of salt-partitioned moxibustion plus oral administration of You Gui Wan in treating bradycardiac arrhythmias. Method Ninety-eight patients with bradycardiac arrhythmias were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 49 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by salt-partitioned moxibustion plus oral administration of You Gui Wan, while the control group was prescribed with oral administration of Atropine sulfate tablets. Before and after the treatment, the 24-h heartbeat number and mean heart rate were observed, and the clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared. Result The total effective rate was 89.8％in the treatment group versus 81.6％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 24-h heartbeat number and mean heart rate were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05). The 24-h heartbeat number and mean heart rate of the treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group after the treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Salt-partitioned moxibustion plus oral administration of You Gui Wan is an effective approach in treating bradycardiac arrhythmias.

The Influence of Case Teaching of Forensic Pathology Based on Network Platform on Critical Thinking Skills among Forensic Students / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective The paper aimed to discuss the influence of case teaching of forensic pathology based on network platform on the critical thinking ability of forensic students.Methods Students majoring in forensic were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 20 students per group. According to heterogeneity classification, the experimental group was divided into 4 subgroups. The subgroups participated in network cases learning whereas the control group received traditional case teaching. Participants were required to fill in California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CCTDI-CV) before and after learning. CCTDI-CV scores, the scores of final exam and the number of students who had improved in CCTDI-CV scores were compared between the two groups. Results For the experimental group, the total score of CCTDI-CVand the scores of items including looking for the truth, systematized ability, self-confidence, thirst for knowledge were significantly improved after learning. The performance of the experimental group was better than that of the control group at the end of teaching (P＜0.05) . The scores of final exam were higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (P＜0.05) .Conclusion Forensic pathology cases teaching based on network platform is an effective way to stimulate students'critical thinking ability and to improve the study ability.

Onychocytic Matricoma: Report of an Asian Case

No abstract available.

The value of imaging features in the diagnosis and treatmen of acute interstitial pneumonia / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging features of acute interstitial pneumonia and to provide the reference for early diagnosis and treatment.Methods The imaging and clinical data of 50 patients with clinically diagnosed acute interstitial pneumonia in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results X-ray film showed the fan-shaped and lightly patchy shadows around the lung hilum distributing along the lung markings in multiple lung fields,accompanied by thickening of interlobular septa with varying degrees and thickened bronchial vascular shadows running through the above-mentioned light patchy shadows.CT revealed the fan-shaped ground glass opacity in the pulmonary area with rich blood supply,interspersed with thickened clustered pulmonary arteries and veins.Conclusion The imaging features of acute interstitial pneumonia have certain characteristics.The suggestive diagnosis based on imaging plays an important guiding role in early clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on proliferation, apoptosis and expression of amino acid in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on proliferation , apoptosis and expression of hydroxyproline in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. Methods TGF-β1 was administered to induce the proliferation in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells; the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on the number of human embryonic lung fibroblast cells was detected by MTT method; ki67 expression by immunocytochemical method;cell apoptosis by flow cytometry and the expression of hydroxyproline by colorimetry method. Results TGF-β1(0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/L)could up-regulate cell number of human embryonic lung fibroblast cells in a dose-dependent manner , while the OD value of human embryo lung fibroblasts cells declined pretreated with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection in a dose-dependent manner and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection could induce the apoptosis and down regulated hydroxyproline expression in human embryo lung fibroblasts cells. The results of flow cytometry indicated that cell apoptosis increased after treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection when compared with TGF-β1 group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Salvia miltiorrhiza injection could down regulate the expression of hydroxyproline (P < 0.01). Conclusions Salvia miltiorrhiza injection can target human embryonic lung fibroblast cells , play a potent role in the airway remodeling through the promotion of its apoptosis and down regulate the expression of hydroxyproline.

Effect of Acupuncture Combined with Vibroacoustic Therapy on Upper Limb Spasticity Post Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with vibroacoustic therapy on upper limb spasticity post stroke. Methods From November, 2014 to November, 2015, 90 patients with upper limb spasticity post stroke were randomized into treat-ment group (acupuncture combined with vibroacoustic therapy), control 1 group (simple vibroacoustic therapy) and control 2 group (simple acupuncture) with 30 cases in each group. All the patients accepted routine fundamental treatment and rehabilitation training. The modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to assess the upper limb muscle ten-sion, motor function and activities of daily living before and four weeks after treatment. Results After treatment, MAS score decreased in all groups (Z>3.067, P3.326, P2.919, P0.05). The total effective rate was 80%in the treatment group, 50%in the control group 1 and 53%in the control group 2 (χ2=8.573, P=0.014), respectively. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with vibroacoustic therapy can alleviate the upper limb spasticity, and promote the recovery of motor function and activities of daily living.

Pharmacokinetics of Maxing Shigan decoction in normal rats and RSV pneumonia model rats by HPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine the concentrations of liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, amygdalin, amygdalin prunasin, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methylephedrine of Maxing Shigan decoction in rat plasma, and study the differences on their pharmacokinetic process in normal rats and RSV pneumonia model rats. After normal rats and RSV pneumonia model rats were orally administered with Maxing Shigan decoction, the blood was collected from retinal vein plexus of different time points. Specifically, tetrahydropalmatine was taken as internal standard for determining ephedrine, while chloramphenicol was taken as internal standard for determining other components. After plasma samples were pre-treated as the above, the supernatant was dried with nitrogen blowing concentrator and then redissolved with methylalcohol. The chromatography was eluted with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution in a gradient manner. ESI sources were adopted to scan ingredients in ephedra in a positive ion scanning mode and other ingredientsin a negative ion scanning mode. The multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed the plasma concentration of each active component. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each group were calculated by using Win-Nonlin 4.1 software and put into the statistical analysis. The result showed the plasma concentration of the eight active ingredients, i.e., liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, amygdalin, amygdalin prunasin, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methylephedrine within the ranges of 1.04-1040, 1.04-1040, 0.89-445, 1.05-4200, 1.25-2490, 0.3-480, 0.3-480, 0.3-480 microg x L(-1), with a good linearity and satisfactory precision, recovery and stability in the above ingredients. After modeling, except for glycyrrhetinic acid whose pharmacokinetic parameters were lacked due to the data missing, all of the rest components showed significant higher Cmax, AUC(0-1) and lower clearance rate (CL) than that of the normal group, indicating the increase in absorption in rats in the pathological state by reducing the clearance rate. The method is accurate and sensitive and so can be used to determine the plasma concentrations of the eight active ingredients in Maxing Shigan decoction. RSV pneumonia-infected rats absorbed more ingredients in Maxing Shigan decoction.

Awn needle therapy on the impact of urinary retention after spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of point 8L54-through-point ST2S acupuncture with elongate needles in treating urinary retention after spinal cord injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five healthy Japanese rabbits (weight 2.5 +/- 0.25 kg, 3 months old, male or female), used as experimental subjects, were divided into 4 groups involving blank group, model group, acupuncture group, elongate needles group (5 rabbits in blank group, 10 rabbits in each of the other group 10). Modified Allen's method was used to cause spinal cord injury model for the model group, the acupuncture group and the elongate needles group, the blank group was only sham surgery. Immediately after spinal cord injury model,the elongated needle group was given the bilateral acupoints of the elongated needle penetration needling and electric stimulation, electrical stimulation 15 mm stimulation frequency of 20 to 40 times/mm, intensity 1.5 to 3 V the acupuncture group immediately was given ordinary electric needle acupuncture, given other disposals as the elongated needle group; model group was not given electric needle acupuncture, waiting 15 minutes, started to detect and record the observed indicator as the elongated needle group; the blank group was only sham surgery. The following indicators including the Tarlov score ,urinary bladder pressure point, the threshold urination, voided volume, were observed in the first day and the fifth day after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three groups of animals which modeled were urinary retention after operation. Compared to 1 d, Tarlov score of model group, acupuncture group and elongate needles group significantly improved at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05). Compared with acupuncture group, the Tarlov score of elongate needles group had no significant difference at postoperative 5 d (P > 0.05). Compared with model group, values of urinary bladder pressure point decreased with varying degrees in the acupuncture group and elongate needles group at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the point of the bladder voiding pressure in the elongate needles group decreased more significantly at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); compared with model group, micturition threshold of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had been significantly improved at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the improvement is more obvious in the elongate needles group. Compared with model group, voided volume of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had increased significantly at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the increment is more evident in the elongate needles group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To treat urinary retention after spinal cord injury, the method, which was point-through-point acupuncture with elongate needles in the "Zhibian" and "Shuidao", was better than general acupuncture method. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to stimulate peripheral nerve of bladder, and to rectify the dysfunction between detrusor and sphincter.</p>

Ethnic differences on nutritional status of children under 3 years old in poor counties of the western China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the ethnic differences on nutritional status of children under three years old,in the western areas of China and to indentify the affecting factors.Methods 14 072children under the age of three years and their mothers were recruited,using the proportion population sampling method in 45 counties in the western areas of China.Height and weight were used as the measurement on nutrition of children.Results Height and weight of children with Han,Uyghur,Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities were all lower than the WHO standards and with differences on height and weight among them.There were also ethnic differences on the status of malnutrition.Prevalence rates of stunting were 14.7％,20.3％,26.9％ and 26.5％ for Han,Uyghur,Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities,respectively.Prevalence rates of underweight were 6.1％,10.7％,6.8％ and 15.5％ among the Han,Uyghur,Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities,respectively.The prevalence rates of wasting were 4.2％,5.3％,2.9％,8.9％,and of under nutrition were 19.2％,25.5％,30.3％ and 36.5％ for the Han,the Uyghur,the Tibetan and the Zhuang ethnicities,respectively.When factors as family size,years of schooling of parents,family numbers,sex,age (months),mother' s height and weight,ways of feeding and sources of family income etc.were adjusted,children with Uyghur,Tibetan,Zhuang and other ethnicities were still presented more malnutrition than the children with Han ethnicity.Conclusion There were differences on malnutrition status of children under the age of three years among the studies on different ethnicities.Undemutrition was less than nutritional status,seen in children of the Han nationality than other minority ethnicites.Ethnicity seemed to be related to differences in the nutritional status of children in western China while children of the Han nationality would be better than other minorities on nutritional status if they were in same living conditionals.