Predictive model of fecal or urinary incontinence among older adults in China / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To construct and validate a predictive model of fecal/urinary incontinence among older adults in China.Methods:Data was obtained from the Seventh Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018.In the questionnaire, "Are you able to control your bowel and urine" , was regarded as the main effect indicator.Receiver operating curves(ROC)were used to find the best cut-off values of calf circumference for predicting fecal/urinary incontinence, and univariate Logistic model method was used to explore the potential factors associated with fecal/urinary incontinence among community-living older adults in China.A random sampling method was used to extract 70% of the survey data as the training set, and the remaining 30% of the survey data as the test set.A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted in the training set to build a prediction model that encompassed all predictors, and a nomogram was plotted.Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that age, small calf circumference(male <28.5 cm, female <26.5 cm), inability to walk 1 km continuously, inability to lift 5 kg items, inability to do three consecutive squats, limited daily activities, and a history of urinary system disorders, nervous system disorders, and cerebrovascular disorders were all risk factors for fecal/urinary incontinence for older adults in China.Female, better socioeconomic status, and normal body mass index were protective factors for fecal/urinary incontinence.The Logistic regression model for predicting fecal/urinary incontinence among Chinese older adults was constructed using the above twelve factors.The consistency index(C-index)value of the model was 0.907, indicating that the model had good predictive ability.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the overall sample, training set and test set were 0.906(95% CI: 0.896-0.917), 0.907(95 % CI: 0.894-0.921)and 0.910(95% CI: 0.892-0.928), respectively, indicating that the model had high prediction ability and good discrimination. Conclusions:Age, sex, calf circumference, ability to walk 1 km continuously, ability to lift 5 kg items, ability to do three consecutive squats, daily activities, history of urinary system disorders, nervous system disorders and cerebrovascular disorders, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were independent predictors for fecal/urinary incontinence among older adults in China.The nomogram based on the above indicators has a good predictive effect on fecal/urinary incontinence for older adults.

Classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on clinical manifestations and myositis-specific antibodies / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) based on clinical manifestations and myositis- specific antibodies using cluster analysis.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with IIM admitted in Nanfang Hospital in 2015-2019. The clinical data of the patients including serum creatine kinase (CK), interstitial lung disease (ILD), cancer, and myositis-specific antibodies were collected for two-step cluster analysis to identify the distinct clusters of patients, whose clinical characteristics were subsequently analysed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 71 patients with IIM were included in this study, including 30 (42.3%) with polymyositis (PM), 20 (28.2%) with classic dermatomyositis (DM), 16 (22.5%) with amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM), and 5 (7.0%) with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Two-step cluster analysis identified 3 distinctive subgroups: Cluster 1 of 15 (51.7%) patients characterized by rash, positive anti-MDA5 antibody and hypoproteinemia ( < 0.05) with normal or slightly elevated CK level, mainly corresponding to CADM; Cluster 2 of 4 (57.1%) patients with significantly elevated CK and positive anti-SRP antibody ( < 0.001) corresponding to IMNM; and Cluster 3 of 17 (48.6%) patients consisting primarily of patients with PM, characterized by positivity for anti- aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases antibodies (=0.022) corresponding to antisynthetase syndrome (ASS).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with IIM can be divided into 3 subgroups based on their clinical and serological characteristics (especially myositis-specific antibodies), and among them ASS may represent an independent IIM subgroup with unique clinical characteristics.

Classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on clinical manifestations and myositis-specific antibodies / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) based on clinical manifestations and myositis- specific antibodies using cluster analysis.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with IIM admitted in Nanfang Hospital in 2015-2019. The clinical data of the patients including serum creatine kinase (CK), interstitial lung disease (ILD), cancer, and myositis-specific antibodies were collected for two-step cluster analysis to identify the distinct clusters of patients, whose clinical characteristics were subsequently analysed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 71 patients with IIM were included in this study, including 30 (42.3%) with polymyositis (PM), 20 (28.2%) with classic dermatomyositis (DM), 16 (22.5%) with amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM), and 5 (7.0%) with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Two-step cluster analysis identified 3 distinctive subgroups: Cluster 1 of 15 (51.7%) patients characterized by rash, positive anti-MDA5 antibody and hypoproteinemia ( < 0.05) with normal or slightly elevated CK level, mainly corresponding to CADM; Cluster 2 of 4 (57.1%) patients with significantly elevated CK and positive anti-SRP antibody ( < 0.001) corresponding to IMNM; and Cluster 3 of 17 (48.6%) patients consisting primarily of patients with PM, characterized by positivity for anti- aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases antibodies (=0.022) corresponding to antisynthetase syndrome (ASS).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with IIM can be divided into 3 subgroups based on their clinical and serological characteristics (especially myositis-specific antibodies), and among them ASS may represent an independent IIM subgroup with unique clinical characteristics.

Effects of combined administration of Ephedrae-Cinnamomi on pharmacokinetics of ephedra alkaloids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aims Tocomparethepharmacokineticsof ephedra alkaloids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in Ephedrae, Cinnamomi and Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple through UPLC-MS/MS in rats respective-ly,and to investigate the effect of combination on phys-iologicaldisposition.Methods Plasmasampleswere collected at different times after oral administration of Ephedrae,Cinnamomi and Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple extracts.The concentrations of ephedra alka-loids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in plasma samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS.DAS 3. 0 was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters.The differences of samples in two groups were conducted with univariate statistical analysis using SPSS 13. 0. Results ComparedwithEphedraegroup,theCmaxof norephedrine hydrochloride, norpseudoephedrine hydrochloride,ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephed-rine hydrochloride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride in Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple group were signif-icantly greater (P<0. 05 );the AUC0-t of norpseudo-ephedrine hydrochloride was significantly greater (P<0. 05 );the MRT0-t of norephedrine hydrochloride, phedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochlo-ride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride were signifi-cantly less (P <0. 05 );the T1/2z of norephedrine hydrochloride,phedrine hydrochloride,and methyl-ephedrine hydrochloride were significantly less (P <0. 05 ).The AUC0-t and MRT0-t of cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol were significantly greater than those inCinnamomigroup(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of Ephedrae and Cinnamomi improves the absorption concentration of five ephedra alkaloids, Slows down the elimination of norephedrine hydrochlo-ride,phedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydro-chloride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride,and in-creases the bioavailability of cinnamic acid and cin-namic alcohol.

Study on Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oils in Drug Pair of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae by GC-MS / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To discuss the influence of drug compatibility on the components of the volatile oil in Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae. Methods GC-MS system was used to analyze the volatile oil in Flos Lonicerae, Fructas Forsythiae and their combination. The effect of compatibility on the components and content of volatile oil was evaluated. Results The results of GC-MS showed that gerani]o, tetradecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, fluoranthene, 9, 12, 15-Octadeeatrienoic acid ethyl ester and linoleic acid was detectable in Flos Lonicerae but was undetectable in the drug pair; camphene, alpha-terpinene, perillaalcohol, 2-beta-pinene, beta-hexadecanal, phellandrene was de-tectable in Fructus Forsythiae but was undetectable in the drug pair; limonene, isolongifolene, nonadecane was detectable in the drug pair but was undetectable in the two single drugs. Conclusion The compatibility of the drug pair has an effect on components and contents in the volatile oil of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.

Human Pharmacokinetics of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine in Mahuang Tang by GC-MS / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To develop a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of ephedrine (E) and pseudoephdrine (PE) and to study the pharmacokinetics features of E and PE in healthy human volunteers. Methods The serum concentrations of E and PE were measured by GC-MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by using WinNonlin program. Results A good linearity was obtained in E from 5 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL (r2=0.9985) and in PE from 2.5 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL (r2=0.9994). The recoveries were in the range of 107.5 %to 96.2 %and 102.5 %to 93.9 %for E and PE respectively. The interday RSD and intraday RSD of E and PE were both less than 5 %. The E and PE plasma solution were steady within 60 days. Conclusion This GC-MS method is a accurate and reliable method for the determination of E and PE in human plasma.

Determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in MAHUANG TANG~* by GC-MS and effect of compatible medicinal herbs on concentration of components in decoction / 中草药

Object To establish a quantitative method for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in the aqueous decoctions of MAHUANG TANG (ADMHT) by GC MS, and to determine the content of the two components in decoctions of the different recipes consisted of Herba Ephedrae, and other herbs by using the quantitative method will be established, so as to study the effect of compatible medicinal herbs on the release of the two components in Herba Ephedrae to decoctions Methods The quantitative method by the help of characteristic ion was used in GC MS Results The content of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in decoction prepared from Herba Ephedrae and Semen Armeniacae Amarum evidently decreases, the content of two components in decoction prepared from Herba Ephedrae and Ramulus Cinnamomin evidently increases, the content of two components in decoction prepared from Herba Ephedrae and Radix Glycyrrhizae has no obvious change, as compared with that of two components in decoction from Herba Ephedrae alone Conclusion The method is good in the aspect of separable effect, sensitivity and reproducibility The method not only can quantify the two components, but also provide the bases of quality control for the pharmacokinetic study and therapeutic detection of Herba Ephedra recipes

Influence of compatibility on cinnamaldehyde in Mahuang Decoction by GC-MS / 中草药

Object To develop the quantitative method of cinnamaldehyde in Mahuang Decoction (MHD) by GC-MS and study the influence of various combinations of MHD on the contents of cinnamaldehyde in the decoctions. Methods By L_8(2~7) orthogonal design and statistic analysis (SPSS 10.0), eight decoctions with Ramulus Cinnamomi were prepared and analyzed. Contents of cinnamaldehyde were determined by GC-MS. The pH value of decoctions was determined by pH meter. Results For Herba Ephedrae and Semen Armeniacae Amarum, the influences on the contents of cinnamaldehyde were significant (P0.05). The change of pH value not obvious. Conclusion The content of cinnamaldehyde is only reduced significantly by Herba Ephedrae and Semen Armeniacae Amarum. But it is insignificant for Radix Glycyrrhizae and its combinations.