Bivalirudin vs heparin in cardiac-cerebral ischemic and bleeding events among Chinese STEMI patients during percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study

Although bivalirudin has been recently made available for purchase in China, large-scale analyses on the safety profile of bivalirudin among Chinese patients is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to compare the safety profile of bivalirudin and heparin as anticoagulants in Chinese ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1063 STEMI patients undergoing PCI and receiving bivalirudin (n=424, bivalirudin group) or heparin (n=639, heparin group) as anticoagulants were retrospectively enrolled. The net adverse clinical events (NACEs) within 30 days after PCI were recorded, including major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCEs) and bleeding events (bleeding academic research consortium (BARC) grades 2-5 (BARC 2-5)). The incidences of NACEs (10.1 vs 15.6%) (P=0.010), BARC 2-5 bleeding events (5.2 vs 10.3%) (P=0.003), and BARC grades 3-5 (BARC 3-5) bleeding events (2.1 vs 5.5%) (P=0.007) were lower in the bivalirudin group compared to the heparin group, whereas general MACCEs incidence (8.9 vs 6.4%) (P=0.131) and each category of MACCEs (all P>0.05) did not differ between two groups. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic analyses showed that bivalirudin (vs heparin) was independently correlated with lower risk of NACEs (OR=0.508, P=0.002), BARC 2-5 bleeding events (OR=0.403, P=0.001), and BARC 3-5 bleeding events (OR=0.452, P=0.042); other independent risk factors for NACEs, MACCEs, or BARC bleeding events included history of diabetes mellitus, emergency operation, multiple lesional vessels, stent length >33.0 mm, and higher CRUSADE score (all P<0.05). Thus, bivalirudin presented a better safety profile than heparin among Chinese STEMI patients undergoing PCI.

Identification of activated pathways in lung adenocarcinoma based on network strategy

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma has increased incidence over the past years and is the cause for almost 50% of deaths attributable to lung cancer. The objective of this paper is to identify activated pathways associated with lung adenocarcinoma based on gene co-expression network analysis. Materials and Methods: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of dysregulated genes was performed based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer test to illuminate the biological pathways. Co-expression networks of lung adenocarcinoma in different tumor Stages (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IV) were constructed by Empirical Bayes approach to reweight gene pair scores. Pathway activity analysis was conducted to compute the distribution of pathways in different stages and to identify “activated” pathways in lung adenocarcinoma. Results: We evaluated 211 dysregulated genes between lung adenocarcinoma patients and normal controls. Pathway activity analysis was performed and P values of pathways, which obtained from co-expression networks (Stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IV), were calculated. Cell cycle, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis were activated during all stages in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: We successfully identified three activated pathways (cell cycle, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis) in different Stages (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IV) of lung adenocarcinoma

Socio-ecological factors of campus bullying in middle schools student in Nantong / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore school bullying in middle school and the associated socio-ecological factors.@*Methods@#Totally 1 169 middle school students were selected from urban areas of Nantong and were selected to complete the Campus Bullying Questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire.@*Results@#The bullying scores of junior school students were higher than senior school students( t=3.61, 2.53, P <0.05). The bullying scores of ordinary middle school students were higher than the key middle school students( t=12.52, 8.34, P <0.01). The bullying scores of students with poor peer relationship were higher than the students with good peer relationship( F=8.98, 25.89, P <0.01). The bullying scores of students with poor school discipline were higher than the students with good school discipline （F=8.50, 10.00, P <0.01). Students from schools with poor school bullying prevention and control policies reported higher rates of campus bullying than students from schools with general and perfect school policies( F= 8.30 , 2.67, P <0.05). The bullying scores of intervention type and neglect type students were higher than the negotiation type students( F=3.66, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high school section, key middle school, good peer relationship, deliberative education mode, good school style and discipline, and improvement of campus bullying prevention and control policies were the protective factors that affect middle school students’ Campus bullying( OR=1.68-4.28, P <0.05), gender and only child were risk factors for chool bullying( OR=1.54, 1.68, P <0.05). Structural equation model analysis showed that the path of campus bullying was centered on individual factors, through interaction with interpersonal, organizational and policy factors.@*Conclusion@#Campus bullying prevention and intervention should be considered from individual, interpersonal, organizational and policy levels of students, through the collaborative efforts of school, family and society.

Effectiveness of a school-based comprehensive intervention on abnormal body posture of adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The purpose of this study is to explore a school-based comprehensive intervention for abnormal body posture in adolescents.@*Methods@#The study recruited from 3 senior high schools in Xicheng District of Beijing using random clustering method and randomly divided them into intervention group (n=213) and control group (n=227). The intervention group adopted a comprehensive intervention program for 16 weeks, while the control group maintained normal teaching plan. The comprehensive intervention included distributing booklet regarding body posture, health lectures and corrective exercise in physical classes. Before and after the intervention, forward head posture, shoulder asymmetry, rounded shoulder and sagittal angles of spine of subjects were evaluated.@*Results@#After 16 weeks intervention, shoulder asymmetry [boys(0.98±0.52)(0.70±0.44)cm; girls(1.00±0.67)(0.72±0.44)cm], forward head posture [boys(8.24±2.71)(4.73±2.99)cm; girls(9.14±2.56)(4.39±2.34)cm] and the differences of distance between left and right inferior angel of scapula and spine [boys(0.41±0.39)(0.28±0.30)cm; girls(0.52±0.38)(0.28±0.19)cm] of the intervention group were significantly improved(t=2.33, 3.07, 9.80, 11.51, 2.36, 4.61, P<0.05). The proportion of normal thoracic kyphosis angle and lumbar lordosis angle increased in girls of intervention group (63.4%, 95.7%), while these proportion decreased in boys of intervention group (74.2%, 65.0%).@*Conclusion@#School-based intervention including health education and exercise shows effectiveness on abnormal body posture in adolescents, which is recommended school.

Physiological load of physical education class of high schools in Xicheng District of Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate physical load of different sports and in various forms of physical education class.@*Methods@#117 healthy adolescents (57 girls and 60 boys) were recruited from 6 high schools in Xicheng District of Beijing (2 high schools of type 1, 2 of type 2, and 2 of type 3), and each 10 students were randomly selected from grade 1 and 2 in the high school. Polar Team 2 was used to measure physiological load in martial arts, throwing, jumping and basketball, and 639 persontime eligible data were collected.@*Result@#In martial arts and high jump class, duration of heart rate response (HRmax) below 60% in the new classes were significantly longer, while duration of moderatetovigorous physical activity (MVPA) was shorter than comprehensive courses and review courses(P<0.05). Students spent about an average of 24.6 (9-34) minutes in activities of HRmax below 60% in P.E.class, accounting for 54.7% of P.E. class time, an average of 17.3 (7-26) minutes in activities of HRmax between 60%-80%, accounting for 38.4% of P.E. class time, and an average of 3.5 (0-20) minutes in activities of HRmax higher than 80%, accounting for 6.9% of P. E. class time.@*Conclusion@#This physical load cannot achieve the goal of improving adolescents’ physical fitness. Government should strengthen the continuing education of PE teachers and update their knowledge constantly, in order to maximize the physical education benefit for adolescents.

Microdecompression for intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize clinical results of the microdecompression for the treatment of intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2005 to May 2013,16 patients( 12 males, 4 females)with intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations underwent microdecompression, ranging in age from 32 to 56 years old with a mean of 38.6 years old. The lumbar disc herniations were located at L(3,4). in one patient, L(4,5) in 10 cases and L5S1 in 5 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months, with a mean period of 36 months. According to Macnab evaluation, 12 cases got an excellent result, 4 good. No apparent complications related to the technique occurred. Satisfactory clinical results were obtained in this series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microdecompression may be particularly useful in the treatment of intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations. The microdecompression procedures are more likely to be well tolerated by older patients.</p>

Evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hematoma with double targets-single channel and multiaxial stereotaxis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial hemorrhage with double targets-single channel and multiaxial stereotaxis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, who underwent hematoma evacuation with the method of double targets-single channel between January 2014 and November 2014 in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were included in the study. We classified the hematoma into four types based on the principle of double targets-single channel calculation method (DTSC). And the appropriate stereotactic surgery path and operation opportunity were designed individually according to the hematoma volume and mass effect. Twenty-seven patients with supratentorial hemorrhage who underwent hematoma evacuation with the method of single targets-single channel between January 2013 and November 2014 were selected as single target group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Volumes of initial hematoma in DTSC and single target groups were(38.6 ± 19.2)mL and(40.1 ± 18.1)mL, respectively. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale were 9.6 ± 3.2 (3~15) and 9.1 ± 2.9(3~13) (all P >0.05). Residual volume of hematoma and clearance ratio were (11.1 ± 4.2) mL and(73.1 ± 5.4)% in DTSC group and (18.5 ± 5.3) mL and(55.1 ± 5.1)% in single target group by CT scan 24 h after operation(all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Glasgow Outcome Scale between two groups in one-month follow-up. Average length of postoperative stay of two groups were(12.6 ± 9.8)d and (14.2 ± 7.1)d, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hematoma with DTSC and multi-axial stereotaxis can increase clearance ratio remarkably and decrease average length of stay.</p>

Inhibitory effect of valproate on proliferation of human kidney carcinoma ACHN cells and its mechanism / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effects of VPA (valproate) on proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of human kidney carcinoma ACHN cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: The effect of VPA on the proliferation of ACHN cells was examined by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of ACHN cells exposed to VPA. The mRNA expressions of cyclin E1, P 21WAF1, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR. Results: Incubation with various concentrations of VPA for 48 h resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation of ACHN cells with an IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) value of 4.21 mmol/L. After treatment with VPA, the cell cycle was arrested obviously at G 0/G1 phase and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased as compared with the control group. After treatment with 4 mmol/L VPA for 48 h, the levels of P21WAF1 and Bax mRNAs were both significantly increased, and at the same time, the levels of cyclin E1 and Bcl-2 mRNAs were obviously decreased. Conclusion: VPA can inhibit the proliferation of kidney carcinoma ACHN cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Polymorphisms of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIIB in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and their clinical significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of FcγR polymorphisms with the susceptibility, severity and efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). PCR and DNA sequencing were used to determine the polymorphisms of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIIB in 44 ITP patients, and in 97 healthy control subjects. The results indicated that FcγRIIIA-158V/F polymorphisms between patients and controls were statistically significantly different (P = 0.015); among FcγRIIIA genotypes, the frequency of 158V/V homotype was higher in ITP (P = 0.005). However, the FcγRIIA-131H/R or FcγRIIB-232T/I polymorphisms were not significantly different between patients and controls; there were no correlation of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIIB genotype frequencies with the platelet counts or the courses of ITP; among the 38 ITP patients who received treatments, the complete response (CR) rate was 42% (16/38), and partial response (PR) rate was 34% (13/38). The therapeutic response was significantly different between FcγRIIIA-158V/V homotype and 158F/V heterotype (P = 0.034). The CR of patients with 158V/V homotype was obviously lower than that of patients with 158F/V, but the frequencies of FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB genotypes not correlated with the responsiveness to treatment. The CR rate of 6 patients treated with rituximab was 67%, and PR rate was 17%. The overall response rate was as high as 84%, the adverse reactions were not observed. It is concluded that the polymorphism of FcγRIIIA-158V/F, but not FcγRIIA-131H/R or FcγRIIB-232T/I, correlates with the patient susceptibility and therapeutic response of ITP.

The isolation and identification of novel duck reovirus / 病毒学报

The virus strains were isolated from the liver and spleen of the dead young ducks characterized with symptoms of hemorrhagic-necrotic hepatitis. These isolates could cause the death of muscovy duck-embryo and chick-embryo. 1-day-old birds infected with these isolates had the same character with clinically dead birds and the virus could be isolated from artificially infected birds. These isolates could proliferate in MDEF and result in CPE. The virus could proliferate in the cytoplasm in order of crystals and arranged in the latlic-like. The viron was shown spherical, icosahedron, cubic symmetry, no-envelope, with double-layered capsid, about 70 nm in diameter by electron microscopy. The genome segments of the virus were consisted of L1-3, M1-3 and S1-4, which were similar to that of avian reovirus (ARV). Compared to 68.2%, 69.3% - 70.1%, respectively. The system evolution analysis showed that S3 gene coding sigmaB protein was placed in different branch of MDRV and ARV, indicating that S3 gene of the virus was different from ARV and MDRV. The main clinical symptoms and lesions of ducklings caused by the virus were different from the diseases caused by MDRV and ARV. It was concluded that the virus was a Novel duck reovirus belonging to Orthoreovirus genus of the Reoviridae family.

Biological effects of low dose X-irradiation on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Recent studies have shown that low dose X-irradiation shows specific effect different from high dose exposures. However, the biologic responses of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) to low dose X-irradiation have rarely been described in the literature. This study was purposed to investigate the biologic responses of human bone marrow-derived MSC to low dose X-irradiation. The proliferation of cells was tested with MTT assay, so that the cell growth curve was drawn at 1 to 7 days. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR assay; the BM-MSC DNA damage induced by X-irradiation were detected with mononuclear cell gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the proliferative ability of BM-MSC exposed to low doses of X rays was obviously enhanced as compared with control group. The low dose X-irradiation caused the damage of DNA in X-ray dose dependent manner. X-irradiation enhanced expression of survivin in MSC. It is concluded that the low dose below 20 cGy of X-irradiation has a promoting effect on survivin expression in BM-MSC. Whether the high expression of survivin plays an important role to resist ionizing radiation needs to be further studied.

Ex vitro sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of ex vitro sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with methylene blue staining and its clinical value of predicting regional lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methylene blue (1 ml) was injected submucosally around the tumor immediately after resection. After 2-5 minutes, the first blue-dyed lymph nodes, sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), were harvested for pathological examination, and compared with the pathological results of other lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the total 32 patients, 57 SLNs were successfully identified in 30 patients with an average of 1.9 nodes per person. The successful labeling rate was 93.8% (30/32). Among the 13 patients with positive SLNs, there were 5 patients with positive non-SLNs and 8 patients with negative Non-SLNs. Among the 17 patients with negative SLNs, there were 15 patients with negative non-SLNs and 2 patients with positive Non-SLNs. The accuracy of SLNs for regional lymph node metastasis was 93.3% (28/30), the false negative rate was 11.8% (2/17), and the specificity was 100% (13/13).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ex vitro sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue staining in colorectal carcinoma is technically feasible and can effectively reflect the metastatic situation of regional lymph nodes.</p>

Effect of Acupotomy on Spasticity after Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Acupotomy on spastic cerebral palsy. Methods105 cases of spastic cerebral palsy were random divided into group A (35 cases with acupotomy), group B (34 cases with physical therapy) and group C (36 cases with acupotomy and physical therapy). Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used to assess spasticity before and a month after therapy. ResultsEffective rate of group A was 65.71%, group B was 29.41%, group C was 77.78%, which of group B was significantly lower than those of group A of C. ConclusionAcupotomy can reduce muscular tension of spastic cerebral palsy, which seems more effective than physical therapy.

Antitumor effects of the immunoconjugate composed of lidamycin and monoclonal antibody 3G11 / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the antitumor effects of an immunoconjugate composed of lidamycin (LDM) and monoclonal antibody 3G11 (3G11-LDM conjugate).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3G11-LDM conjugate was prepared by using 2-iminothiolane (2-IT) and m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxy-succimide ester (MBS) as crosslinkers. The molecular weight of the conjugate was measured on non-reduced SDS-PAGE gel. Immunoreactivity of 3G11-LDM conjugate to type IV collagenase or to hepatoma 22 cells was determined by ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the immunoconjugate to hepatoma 22 cells was examined by MTT assay. Antitumor effects of the 3G11-LDM conjugate in vivo were evaluated using subcutaneously transplanted hepatoma 22 tumor model in mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The molecular weight of 3G11-LDM conjugate was approximately 160 kDa. 3G11-LDM conjugate retained part of the immunoreactivity of 3G11 to type IV collagenase and hepatoma 22 cells. As compared with free LDM, 3G11-LDM conjugate showed stronger cytotoxicity to hepatoma 22 cells. When administered intravenously (i.v. x 2 on day 1 and 8), 3G11-LDM conjugate, at doses of 0.05 and 0.10 mg.kg-1, inhibited the growth of hepatoma 22 in mice by 87.8% and 97.2% on day 11, respectively, whereas the unconjugated LDM at 0.05 mg.kg-1 inhibited tumor growth by 67.1%. The median survival times for tumor-bearing mice of untreated control, LDM at 0.05 mg.kg-1, 3G11-LDM at 0.05 mg.kg-1, and 3G11-LDM at 0.10 mg.kg-1 were 34, 41.5, 60.5 and 94 d, respectively. Evidently 3G11-LDM was more effective than free LDM in suppressing tumor growth and prolonging the life span of tumor-bearing mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3G11-LDM conjugate shows much stronger antitumor effects than equivalent dose of free LDM and may have promising therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.</p>