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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:Irrational medication orders eval-uated by the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University during Oct. 2014 to Sep. 2015 were arrangemented,summarized and analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 515 inpatient medical records were reviewed and analyzed,among which there were 165 unrea-sonable medical records and 185 irrational medication orders. Irrational medical records of general surgery department were the most(38 items,accounting for 23.03%). Irrational drug use mainly included irrational usage and dosage(80.00%),drug use with-out indications or not suit indications (7.57%),inappropriate solvent selection (4.86%). Including 66.22% of single overdose, 18.92% of longer medication duration. CONCLUSIONS:There are many irrational medical orders which should be standardized in our hospital,especially overdose and longer medication duration,which increase financial burden of patient. Pharmacists should strengthen communication with clinicians,and hold rational drug use trainings regularly base on the types of the irrationality. These can help to improve rational drug use and guarantee the safety of drug use.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on heart function and myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and corresponding mechanism. METHODS:50 SHR were randomly divided into a model group,a captopril tablets group (positive drug,30 mg/kg) and the groups of high,medium and low-dose (100,50,25 mg/kg) Astragalus polysaccharides,with 10 SHR in each group. Another 10 Wistar Kyoto rats were included into the normal group. The rats in the drug administration groups were given corresponding drugs ip,while those in the normal group and the model group were given isometric distilled water ip,once a day,for 12 consecutive weeks. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular pressure rise rate (+dp/dtmax) and left ventricular pressure decline rate (-dp/dtmax) of the rats were recorded. The heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) thereof were deter-mined. The level of hydroxyproline and the mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ)in the cardiac muscle tissue thereof were detected. RESULTS:Compared to the nor-mal group,the rats in the model group had lower LVSP,+dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax,higher LVEDP,HMI and LVMI,as well as high-er levels of hydroxyproline and the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and lower level of the mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-γ in the cardiac muscle tissue (P0.05) in all the above-mentioned indexes was shown between the model group and the group of low-dose Astragalus polysaccha-rides,except that the-dp/dtmax of the latter was significantly higher and the level of the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was obvious-ly lower (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Astragalus polysaccharide can improve heart function and myocardial fibrosis in SHR by a mechanism which may be related to downregulating the expression of TGF-β1 and upregulating the expression of PPAR-γin the car-diac muscle tissue.
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Objective To study the effect of clinical pharmacist interventions on the rational use of antibiot-ics.Methods 1 000 hospitalized patients before the implementation of intervention in April 2012 to April 2013 (control group)and the other 1 000 cases of hospitalized patients in May 2013 to May 2014 after the implementation of the intervention (study group)were selected,the antibiotics use rate,hospitalization time and cost,cost of using antibacterial drugs were compared between the two groups.Results The antibiotics use rate of the study group was 56.0%(560/1 000),significantly lower than 78%(780/1 000)of the control group,with significant differences between the two groups(χ2 =11.089,P=0.032),the hospitalization time,cost of using antibacterial drugs of the study group were (12.6 ±0.8)days,(912.2 ±13.2)yuan,significantly better than (16.9 ±0.7)days,(1 528.1 ± 32.5)yuan of the control group,with significant differences between the two groups (t=9.892,10.142,P=0.028, 0.014);The two groups of hospitalization expenses showed no statistical significance (t =4.984,P =0.072 ). Conclusion Clinical pharmacist intervention has a positive effect on the application of antibacterial drugs,which can significantly reduce the use of antimicrobial drugs and reduce the hospitalization days.