RESUMO
Background: testicular damage due to spermatic cord torsion may lead to infertility. It is probably because of changes in oxidative stress factors such as malondialdehyde
Objective: to investigate the protective effect of melatonin [MLT], as an antioxidant, on testicular damage induced by acute unilateral spermatic cord torsion and detorsion [T/D] in rats
Materials and Methods: in this experimental study, 48 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups [8 rats/group]: sham group underwent right scrotal surgery only., the T/D group underwent right testicular torsion [for 1 hr] and detorsion, and the melatonin group underwent right testicular torsion, received 25 microg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally immediately after surgery of T/D. Then the histological parameters and malondialdehyde [MDA] changes were evaluated
Results: torsion and detorsion decreased the diameter of the tubules significantly compared to controls [p=0.003]. Melatonin could increase the diameter, but it was not significant [p=0.26]. The heights of the epithelium were constant in sham, T/D, and melatonin groups without any significant difference between groups [p=0.98]. Based on Johnsen's score, spermatogenesis was normal in the sham group. The torsion significantly injured all lineage cells [p<0.001]. There was no any spermatid or sperm in the seminiferous tubules. Melatonin improved the spermatogenesis significantly [p=0.02], but could not improve MDA level significantly [p=0.99]
Conclusion: severe degenerative changes of testis were induced by acute unilateral spermatic cord torsion and detorsion in rats, but it had no effect on MDA level
RESUMO
Background: Aphallia or penile agenesis is a rare malformation accompanying with no phallus. This anomaly is extremely rare with abnormality of urogenital system and psychological consequences. Its outbreak is estimated 1 out of 10-30 million births
Case: Reviewing 3 cases of male external genitalia agenesis, which associated with multiple anomalies of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and genitourinary system
Conclusion: Aphallia has psychosocial consequences and a guarded prognosis. This study showed that if the kidney failure is due to its obstruction, these patients will be born in more favorable conditions and the future treatment measures will be directed to keep the external genitalia [male] through timely diagnosis and prenatal surgery and timely bladder drainage
RESUMO
The development of pre-implantation mammalian embryos in vitro is compromised, compared with those grown in vivo. Selecting embryos with a high implantation potential is one of the most important challenges in the field of assisted reproductive technology. The aim of this study was to postulate morphometrical characteristics of good quality embryos, with comparisons between in vivo and in vitro produced mouse embryos. Embryos was obtained from NMRI female mice after super ovulation. In vivo developed 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos; morulla and full blastocyst were isolated from mice on 18, 36, 52, 60, 72 and 96 hours after hCG administration respectively. Ham, s F10 medium was used for in vitro culture of embryos. External and internal diameter of embryos, zona thickness and number of cells in full blastocysts were evaluated and compared between in vivo and in vitro groups. External and internal diameter and zone thickness in oocyte and zygotes were 99.9microm, 75.4microm and 4.9microm respectively. These values did not change prior to the blastocyst stage in both in vivo and in vitro groups; but in full blastocyst stage, the diameter of embryos significantly increased and zone thickness decreased compared to prior stages in both groups [P<0.01]. The diameter of full blastocysts of in vivo group [116.5 microm] were significantly larger than those of in vitro group [104.3 microm, P<0.05]. Moreover, the full blastocysts of in vivo group had significantly more blastomeres [49], compared to in vitro group [43, P<0.05]. Additionally, cultured embryos reached full blastocyst at 110 hours after hCG administration, while in vivo condition the time frame was 96 hours. Based on the above results, embryo size and zona thickness cannot predict embryo quality prior to blastocyst stage, however, in this stage; larger embryos and those that have more blastomere may show greater viability