Profesionales de la Salud y Formación Docente: Una propuesta de Curriculum integrado / Profissionais de saúde e formação de professores: uma proposta de currícula integrada / Health Professionals And Teacher Training: Integrated Syllabus Proposal

La presente investigación tiene el propósito de describir el proceso de formación en investigación-acción efectuada en la integración realizada por dos cátedras de la Carrera del Profesorado Universitario: Investigación educativa y Didáctica Especial producto de siete años de trabajo.Dicho proceso se sostiene a partir del reconocimiento de problemáticas planteadas por los alumnos-profesionales,en su trabajo como docentes. La construcción del problema de investigación requiere de diferentes estrategias pedagógicas. La metodología se basó en el enfoque de investigación-acción. Los resultados confirman que la integración inter cátedras un elemento clave para transformar el quehacer universitario y es una alternativa para fomentar y desarrollar la investigación científica que contribuya al mejoramiento y transformación de la sociedad, como uno de los objetivos de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba a la par que se constituye en una estrategia para el acuerdo, los consensos, la innovación e investigación que están en consonancia con la misión institucional...

The purpose of this research is to describe the training process in research-action that tookplace in the integration of Educational Research and Special Didactics; two chairs of thecourse of studies University Teaching, result of seven-year-work. Said process arises from theacknowledgment of issues proposed by students-professionals in their work as teachers. Theconstruction of the research problem requires different pedagogic strategies. Methodologywas based on the research-action approach. Results confi rm that inter-chair integrationis a key factor to transform university tasks and an alternative to encourage and developscientifi c research helping to improve and transform society as one of the objectives on theCatholic University of Cordoba. At the same time, it is becoming a strategy for agreement,consensus, innovation and investigation, consistent with the institutional mission...

Consumption of psychoactive substances in educational institutions: an inquiry into the state of affairs in the schools of Córdoba / Consumption of psychoactive substances in educational institutions: an inquiry into the state of affairs in the schools of Córdoba.

This study describes and analyses the consumption of psychoactive substances in educational institutions, the school environment conditions and its relation to the school standing of the students. In the first stage, a quantitative evaluation was performed, based on the records of the Second National Survey of Secondary School Students carried out in Córdoba in 2005; the second stage used a qualitative approach. A multistage probabilistic sample of 4593 students was used for the quantitative assessment. The analysis comprised summary measurements, multivariate and factorial correspondence analysis, in all cases with a significance level of p < 0.05. For the qualitative stage, an ethnographic approach was applied. The state schools were chosen using an intentional, cumulative and sequential sampling method. Ten in-depth interviews were carried out to gather qualitative data that was analyzed using the comparative constant method. Results evince that consumption is lower among morning-shift students and that grade repetition and behavior problems are associated to consumption of illegal drugs. Furthermore, it was detected that students in night-shift schools with low academic and disciplinary demand standards have a higher probability of consumption. It is clear that as academic standards decrease, consumption increases.

Mortalidad por trastornos mentales y por causas externas: análisis de una Década en Argentina / Mortality due to mental disorders and external causes: analysis of a decade in Argentina

Objetivo: analizar las tasas de mortalidad de Trastornos Mentales y del Comportamiento (TMyC) y de las Causas Externas (CE) en las Estadísticas Vitales de Argentina, periodo 2000-2009.Metodología: se utilizó las bases de datos de defunciones, Argentina, años 2000 a 2009, de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud Ministerial. Se construyeron tasas generales y específicas. Las estimaciones poblacionales, se obtuvieron a partir del aplicativo AGEINT. Según la distribución de la variable, se utilizó análisis de la varianza o test no paramétricos. Resultados: se observa un comportamiento disímil de la tasa de mortalidad por TMyC según sexo, pero con un comportamiento similar por cada año. Los TMyC y las CE, comprometen a la población adulta del país, con tasas mayores en el grupo de varones.Conclusión: tener en cuenta el impacto de los TMyC y CE, permite diseñar políticas públicas en salud adecuadas a las realidades de cada contexto

Objective: To analyze mortality rates due to mental and behavioral disorders (MBD) and external causes (EC) using Vital Statistics of Argentina, 2000-2009.Methods: Mortality data 2000-2009 were obtained from the Bureau of Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Argentina. General and specific rates were set up. Population estimates were obtained from the AGEINT application. According to the distribution of the variable, analysis of variance or nonparametric tests were used.Results: Dissimilar MBD mortality rates according to sex were observed, but with a similar pattern each year. The MBD and EC affect the adult population of the country, with higher rates in the male group.Conclusion: Taking into account the impact of MBD and EC, allows the design of public policies suitable to the realities of each health context

Sistema de vigilancia en Chagas facilitado por tecnologías de información y comunicación / Surveillance system in Chagas facilitated by information and communication technologies

La aplicación de las tecnologías de información ycomunicación para los sistemas de vigilancia especializadosen enfermedades prioritarias en América Latina como laenfermedad de Chagas, constituye un nuevo y valiosoaporte para el control de la enfermedad que representa ungrave problema de salud pública. El objetivo del presentetrabajo fue evaluar un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica yatención médica con el apoyo de tecnologías de informacióny comunicación (TICs), con la finalidad de detectar eintroducir precozmente al sistema de salud a los individuosseropositivos para Chagas en un área endémica del interiorde Argentina.

Deteccion y evaluacion de factores de riesgos laborales en el personal de enfermeria del sector publico / Detection and assessment of labor risk factor for nursing staff in public health services

ResumenEn el presente trabajo se identificaron y analizaron losfactores de riesgos laborales a los que se expone el personal deenfermería del sector público de la ciudad de Tucumán. Seincluyeron en el estudio a 600 trabajadores de enfermería,excluyendo al personal de conducción (Supervisores y Jefes), ylos que se encontraban con licencia por enfermedad. Se utilizóuna matriz de evaluación de riesgos, donde se registraron losriesgos presentes en la actividad de enfermería. Para valorar elgrado de satisfacción laboral, se aplicó un cuestionario y seagregaron variables sociodemográficas como sexo, edad ycapacitación en enfermería. La exposición a riesgos físicos, apesar que fue significativa en todas las tareas, no pudo serasociada con la presencia de patologías. Los riesgos químicos yergonómicos se relacionaron con la exposición y con la falta demedidas de control. El análisis de los riesgos biológicos mostróun elevado número de accidentes biológicos en el personal conmenos antigüedad en el empleo.

Analisis de estrategias de atencion primaria de salud en el municipio de Malvinas Argentinas: un abordaje cuanti-cualitativo / Analysis of primary health service strategies in the Malvinas Argentina Community: a quantitative and qualitative approach

La situación de salud en Argentina revela la necesidad deevaluar la capacidad de gestión de centros de primer nivel deatención y el desarrollo de redes asistenciales. El objetivo deeste proyecto fue evaluar las estrategias de atención primariaen los centros de salud de la comunidad de Malvinas Argentinas.La metodología consistió en una fase diagnóstica, una de intervención y validación de la propuesta y una de análisis de resultados, abordada con metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa.Este trabajo movilizó el abordaje de la salud desde la atención primaria y el reconocimiento de los propios centros de generar estrategias para brindar atención efectiva y eficiente a pesardel deterioro socioeconómico de la comunidad. Además permitióidentificar el funcionamiento de una red comunitaria, en la cual será necesario afianzar el trabajo respecto a la educación en salud. El impacto de la presente investigación está relacionado a las vinculaciones que se generaron entre las institucionesinvolucradas.

Transcutaneous absorption of oil in preterm babies--a pilot study.

This study was conducted to determine transcutaneous absorption of oil in preterm neonates. A mixture of coconut oil and Meadowfoam oil which contains unique fatty acids, which acted as marker fatty acids was applied to the skin of babies. One mL blood was collected before and one hour after post oil application. Both pre and post oil application serum samples were hydrolysed and derivatised with 2-phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in order to detect fatty acids by HPLC analysis on C-8 column. None of the pre oil application serum sample showed the presence of the marker fatty acids. The post oil application serum sample of all the 12 babies showed the presence of marker fatty acids of Meadowfoam oil which indicates transcutaneous absorption of oil in preterm babies.

Role of brain SPECT in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and its correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To study cerebral blood flow pattern seen on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to correlate it with immediate neurological status and neurodevelopmental outcome; and to compare it with Ultrasonogaphy (USG). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: All the neonates HIE stage 2 or 3 underwent SPECT scan and USG between the ages of 1-2 weeks. The pattern of deficit seen on SPECT scan was correlated with neurological status, duration of altered sensorium, severity of seizures and short-term neurodevelopmental outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: The commonest pattern of defect noted was parasagittal hypoperfusion. Babies with severe perfusion defect had higher incidence of difficult to control seizures and longer duration of altered sensorium. The positive predictive value of SPECT scan was 75% while that of USG was 60% and the negative predictive value of SPECT was 100% while that of USG was 76%, when neurodevelopmental outcome at 3 months was considered. CONCLUSION: SPECT scan is superior to ultrasonography in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in babies with HIE.

Lactation management clinic-positive reinforcement to hospital breastfeeding practices.

Supportive breastfeeding policies in the hospital constitute the foundation for initiation of successful breastfeeding by mothers, constant reinforcement and support to all lactating mothers is however essential to maintain lactation. The objective, methodology and outcome of the Lactation Management Clinic which constitutes a hospital-based mother support group is described. The study was carried out over a period of 2 1/2 years and 519 mothers had attended this clinic. Analysis of the data revealed that at the time of the 1st visit to the clinic, 65.9% mothers had already started supplementary top feeds and the commonest reason encountered was mother's own assessment of inadequate milk seen in 73.6% mothers. Two-thirds (66.9%) of babies in our study were roomed in right from the first day of life, 75.3% of babies had received colostrum and 67.1% babies had not received any prelacteal feeds and yet faced problems at lactation. Mother and infant evaluation revealed no complications with 86.5% mothers and with 54.5% babies. Local breast problems were detected in 19.3% mothers. Faulty positioning was observed in 47.2% patients. Psychological support to mothers was the most important form of therapy given. Seventy eight per cent mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding subsequently while 21.2% of mothers were partially successful in lactation. Only 3 mothers had lactation failure.

Mortality determinants and prediction of outcome in high risk newborns.

The aim of this study was to determine independent patient-related predictors of mortality in high risk newborns admitted at our centre. The study population comprised 100 consecutive newborns each, from the premature unit (PU) and sick baby care unit (SBCU), respectively. Thirteen high risk factors (variables) for each of the two units, were entered into a multivariate regression analysis. Variables with independent predictive value for poor outcome (i.e., death) in PU were, weight less than 1 kg, hyaline membrane disease, neurologic problems, and intravenous therapy. High risk factors in SBCU included, blood gas abnormality, bleeding phenomena, recurrent convulsions, apnea, and congenital anomalies. Identification of these factors guided us in defining priority areas for improvement in our system of neonatal care. Also, based on these variables a simple predictive score for outcome was constructed. The prediction equation and the score were cross-validated by applying them to a 'test-set' of 100 newborns each for PU and SBCU. Results showed a comparable sensitivity, specificity and error rate.