Caracterización de la composición corporal y el grado de actividad física del personal del servicio de medicina física y rehabilitación de un hospital de Bogotá, Colombia / Characterization of body composition and physical activity level of the staff of the physical medicine and rehabilitation service of a hospital in Bogota, Colombia

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) define la salud como un estado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social, y establece que los hábitos de vida saludable son acciones que modifican los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Hacer actividad física disminuye el riesgo cardiovascular y puede modificar el peso y la composición corporal, por lo que analizar la composición corporal y el nivel de actividad física de las personas es de gran importancia. Objetivo. Caracterizar la composición corporal y el grado de actividad física del personal asistencial del Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital Militar Central (HOMIL) de Bogotá, Colombia, durante el año 2020. Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado con 46 trabajadores del Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del HOMIL. Resultados. La mayoría de participantes eran mujeres (65%) pertenecientes a diferentes dependencias, principal-mente a terapia física (37%), y tenían un índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal (58,7%); el 34,8% presentó sobrepeso y el 6,5%, obesidad. En la medición de la composición corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica se observó que la mayoría de participantes (69,6%) tenía una proporción normal de masa grasa normal y que el volumen de grasa visceral fue elevado en la mitad de la población y normal en la otra mitad. La actividad física en la mayoría de la población fue moderada (47,8%), lo que pudo estar asociado a que el 70,6% de los trabajado- res dedicaba cuatro o más horas a realizar actividades sedentarias. Conclusión. La mayoría del personal de salud perteneciente al Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del HOMIL presenta IMC normal; sin embargo, una gran proporción tiene sobrepeso y obesidad y solo la mitad presenta un nivel de actividad física moderada, dejando en evidencia la presencia de condiciones con necesidad de corregir para evitar complicaciones cardiovasculares.

Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and establishes that healthy lifestyle habits are actions that modify cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity decreases cardiovascular risk and can modify weight and body composition, so analyzing body composition and the level of physical activity of individuals is of great importance. Objective. To characterize the body composition and the degree of physical activity of the assisting personnel of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service of the Central Military Hospital (HOMIL) of Bogota, Colombia, during the year 2020. Methods. Cross-sectional study conducted with 46 workers of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service of the HOMIL. Results. The majority of participants were women (65%) belonging to different units, mainly physical therapy (37%), and had a normal body mass index (BMI) (58.7%); 34.8% were overweight and 6.5% obese. The measurement of body composition by electrical bioimpedance showed that the majority of participants (69.6%) had a normal proportion of normal fat mass and that the volume of visceral fat was elevated in half of the population and normal in the other half. Physical activity in the majority of the population was moderate (47.8%), which could be associated with the fact that 70.6% of the workers dedicated four or more hours to physical activity. Conclusion. Most of the health personnel belonging to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service of the HOMIL present normal BMI; however, a large proportion are overweight and obese and only half present a moderate level of physical activity, leaving in evidence the presence of conditions that need to be corrected to avoid cardiovascular complications.

Cambios en la composición corporal en pacientes con enfermedad isquémica en fase II de rehabilitación cardíaca / Changes in body composition in patients with ischemic disease undergoing phase II cardiac rehabilitation

Introducción. La enfermedad isquémica cardíaca es la principal causa de mortalidad en Colombia, por lo que los servicios de rehabilitación cardíaca juegan un papel fundamental en la prevención secundaria. El sobrepeso y la obesidad son factores intervenidos mediante composición corporal a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica para discriminar el agua corporal total, el agua extracelular, la masa magra, la masa grasa y la grasa visceral, siendo este último parámetro uno de los predictores de nuevos eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivo. analizar los cambios en la composición corporal en pacientes con enfermedad isquémica. Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico retrospectivo realizado en 34 pacientes con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica que entre el 3 de agosto de 2020 y el 4 de agosto de 2021 asistieron a rehabilitación cardíaca fase II de forma presencial en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, Colombia. Se aplicó un muestreo probabilístico. Resultados. La mediana de la edad de los participantes fue de 58 años y la mayoría fueron hombres (88,2%). Con respecto a las medidas antropométricas, la mediana del peso inicial fue 69,3 kg y la final, 68,7 kg (p=0,025); la mediana inicial del índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue 26,3 kg/m2 y la final, 26,1 kg/m2 (p=0,003); la mediana del perímetro abdominal inicial fue 91,5 cm y la final, 89,5 cm (p=0.000), y la mediana del perímetro de cadera inicial fue 98,5 cm y la final, 94 cm (p=0.000). En la composición corporal se encontró que la masa grasa disminuyo: la mediana pasó de 7,3 kg/m2 a 6,0 kg/m2 (p=0,002), al igual que la grasa visceral, cuya mediana pasó de 3,4 L a 3,1 L (p=0,003). La mediana de la capacidad física aumentó pasando de 7,2 MET a 10,4 MET (p=0.000). Conclusión. Los pacientes con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica que asistieron a rehabilitación cardíaca al Hospital Militar Central presentaron cambios estadísticamente significativos entre el ingreso y el final del programa en peso, IMC, perímetro abdominal y de cadera, masa grasa, grasa visceral y capacidad física.

Introduction. Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of mortality in Colombia, so cardiac rehabilitation services play a fundamental role in secondary prevention. Overweight and obesity are factors intervened by means of body composition through electrical bioimpedance to discriminate total body water, extracellular water, lean mass, fat mass and visceral fat, the latter parameter being one of the predictors of new cardiovascular events. Objective. to analyze changes in body composition in patients with ischemic disease. Materials and Methods. Retrospective analytical study conducted in 34 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease who between August 3, 2020 and August 4, 2021 attended phase II cardiac rehabilitation in person at the Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, Colombia. Probabilistic sampling was applied. Results. The median age of the participants was 58 years and the majority were men (88.2%). Regarding anthropometric measurements, the median initial weight was 69.3 kg and the final weight was 68.7 kg (p=0.025); the median initial body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 kg/m2 and the final weight was 26.1 kg/m2 (p=0.003); the median initial abdominal perimeter was 91.5 cm and the final perimeter was 89.5 cm (p=0.000), and the median initial hip perimeter was 98.5 cm and the final hip perimeter was 94 cm (p=0.000). In body composition, fat mass decreased: the median went from 7.3 kg/m2 to 6.0 kg/m2 (p=0.002), as did visceral fat, whose median went from 3.4 L to 3.1 L (p=0.003). Median physical capacity increased from 7.2 MET to 10.4 MET (p=0.000). Conclusion. Patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease who attended cardiac rehabilitation at the Central Military Hospital presented statistically significant changes between admission and the end of the program in weight, BMI, abdominal and hip circumference, fat mass, visceral fat and physical capacity.

Manifestaciones cardiacas de la infección por Covid-19 y su enfoque rehabilitador. Revisión narrativa / Cardiac manifestations of Covid-19 infection and its rehabilitative approach. Narrative review

La infección por el nuevo coronavirus (Covid-19), descrita desde diciembre de 2019, ha ocasionado una pandemia de gran magnitud con consecuencias devastadoras a nivel mundial e implicaciones en la salud de las personas que la padecen y presentan síntomas, lo cual genera complicaciones a corto y a largo plazo, éstas últimas aún desconocidas en su totalidad. Se han descrito complicaciones cardiovasculares secundarias a la infección por Covid -19 entre las que se cuenta la aparición de arritmias, infarto agudo del miocardio, miocarditis y eventos trombótico. Sin embargo, las complicaciones a largo plazo aún no se dilucidan en su totalidad teniendo en cuenta el corto periodo de evolución de la enfermedad. A pesar de esto, es clara la asociación que existe entre las enfermedades cardiovasculares previas y la coinfección por Covid-19, lo cual favorece la aparición de enfermedades severas y peores desenlaces en las personas que las presentan. Teniendo en cuenta esta asociación, es importante crear o fortalecer programas de rehabilitación cardiaca que utilicen herramientas tecnológicas para favorecer la telerrehablitación y así mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas, favoreciendo su independencia.

The infection by the new coronavirus (Covid-19), described since December 2019, has caused a pandemic of great magnitude with devastating consequences worldwide and implications in the health of people who suffer from it and present symptoms, which generates short and long term complications, the latter still unknown in its entirety. Cardiovascular complications secondary to Covid-19 infection have been described, including arrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis and thrombotic events. However, long-term complications are not yet fully elucidated considering the short evolution period of the disease. Despite this, there is a clear association between previous cardiovascular disease and Covid-19 coinfection, which favors the onset of severe disease and worse outcomes in those who present it. Taking this association into account, it is important to create or strengthen cardiac rehabilitation programs that use technological tools to favor telerehablitation and thus improve the quality of life of people, favoring their independence.

Relato de Caso: paralisia unilateral de prega vocal por tuberculose mediastinal / Case report: unilateral vocal fold paralysis by mediastinal tuberculosis

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) acomete especialmente os pulmões, no entanto, também se tem conhecimento das formas extrapulmonares. Dentre essas, buscamos relatar um caso raro de TB mediastinal localizada em trajeto de nervo laríngeo recorrente (NLR), a qual se manifestou com paralisia de prega vocal (PPV). Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino, 58 anos, apresentando quadro de disfonia. Histórico de exérese de testículo esquerdo e anatomopatológico evidenciando orquiepididimite crônica granulomatosa sugestiva de etiologia tuberculosa. Ex-tabagista e ex-etilista. Realizou, há 15 anos, um tratamento por 6 meses para TB pulmonar. Contactante de paciente bacilífero há três anos. A videolaringoscopia identificou PPV esquerda paramediana. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de pescoço evidenciou linfonodos calcificados no mediastino superior, fossas supraclaviculares e espessamento de corda vocal à direita. A TC de Tórax apresentou conglomerados sequelares linfonodais calcificados no mediastino e sequela de processo granulomatoso crônico tipo TB em ápices pulmonares. Sorologia de HIV não reagente. Baciloscopia negativa, com amostra insuficiente. Cultura de escarro negativa. Discussão: A PPV esquerda encontrada na videolaringoscopia e TC de pescoço e os achados de TB mediastinal indicaram acometimento do NLR esquerdo pelo processo granulomatoso em seu trajeto, sendo esse, uma reativação de TB ganglionar mediastinal. Fora realizado esquema básico de tratamento para TB, com posterior resolução do quadro de disfonia. Embora a TB torácica seja uma condição comum, a rouquidão devido à PPV é uma complicação raramente associada. Conclusão: Salientamos a importância de estender a investigação ao mediastino na vigência de PPV unilateral, uma vez que a disfunção do NLR pode justificar o quadro.

Introduction: tuberculosis (TB) affects most commonly the lungs; nevertheless, extrapulmonary forms are also known. With that in mind, we intend to report a rare case of mediastinal TB located on the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), manifesting itself with vocal fold paralysis (VFP). Case report: male patient, 58 years old, presenting dysphonia. History of exeresis of the left testicle and anatomopathological showing chronic granulomatous orchiepididimitis, suggestive of tuberculous etiology. Former smoker, ex-alcoholic. Previous treatment for six months due to pulmonary TB, 15 years ago. Bacilli patient contactant for three years. Videolaryngoscopy identified paramedian left VFP. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed calcified lymph nodes in the upper mediastinum, supraclavicular fossa, and thickening on the right vocal cord. Chest CT showed calcified lymph node sequels in the mediastinal and Chronic Granulomatous TB-type sequel in pulmonary apices. Non-reactive HIV serology. Negative baciloscopy, insufficient sample. Negative sputum culture. Discussion: the finding of left VFP in videolaryngoscopy and neck CT, associated with the findings of mediastinal TB, indicated that the left RLN's involvement occurred due to the granulomatous process in its path, meaning a reactivation of mediastinal ganglionic TB. A simple treatment schedule for TB had been conducted, with subsequent resolution of the dysphonia. Even though thoracic TB is a common condition, hoarseness due to VFP is a rarely associated complication. Conclusion: we stress the importance of extending the investigation to the mediastinum in case of unilateral VFP since a dysfunction of the RLN is a possible justification of the case.

Guía de Práctica Clínica para el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Esclerosis Múltiple en Adultos / Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnostic and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Adults

La Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica del sistema nervioso central, para la cual aún no hay una cura definitiva; sin embargo, existe una diversa variedad de terapias con el objetivo de modificar el curso natural de la enfermedad, que promueve la inclusión constante de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. Objetivo: La Sociedad Peruana de Neurología, por encargo del Ministerio de Salud, convocó a un comité de expertos con el objetivo de elaborar una guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de EM. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda y evaluación de guías de práctica clínica bajo la metodología AGREE II, escogiendo como modelo la Guía de Práctica Clínica Catalana. Las preguntas clínicas no concernientes al tratamiento fueron resueltas a través de revisión sistemática. Las preguntas clínicas de tratamiento se diseñaron bajo el formato PICO y se resolvieron con un meta-análisis de ensayos clínicos disponibles hasta agosto del 2017, tomando en consideración las terapias aprobadas por DIGEMID hasta enero del 2017. Las recomendaciones finales fueron elaboradas mediante el método Delphi modificado con un consenso de al menos 80% de los miembros de su comité. Finalmente se realizó una revisión externa del manuscrito por expertos internacionales en EM. Resultados: Se formularon 18 preguntas clínicas y 21 recomendaciones para el manejo, incluyendo algoritmos terapéuticos.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, for which there is still no definitive cure; but there is a diverse variety of therapies with the objective of modifying the course of the disease, which promotes the constant inclusion of new therapeutic strategies. Objective: The Peruvian Society of Neurology, as requested by the Peruvian Health Ministry, convened a committee of experts with the purpose of elaborating a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of MS. Method: Clinical practice guidelines were searched and evaluated according to the AGREE II methodology, choosing the Catalan Clinical Practice Guide as a model. The clinical questions not related to treatment were solved through a systematic review. The clinical treatment questions were assessed under the PICO format and were solved with a meta-analysis of clinical trials available until August 2017, considering the therapies approved by DIGEMID until January 2017. The final recommendations were elaborated using the modified Delphi method with a consensus of at least 80% of the members of its committee. Finally, an external revision of the manuscript was made by international experts in MS. Results: Eighteen clinical questions and twenty-one recommendations for management were developed, including therapeutic algorithms.

Concordancia entre ecoscopia realizada por médicos no cardiólogos y ecocardiografía convencional / Agreement between "echoscopy" performed by non-cardiologist physicians and conventional cardiac ultrasound

Resumen Introducción: el ultrasonido cardiaco enfocado ha sido propuesto como una aproximación útil para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, permitiendo identificar rápidamente signos ultrasonográficos de una lista específica de diagnósticos potenciales. Objetivo: evaluar un programa de entrenamiento para médicos sin experiencia en ecocardiografía a fin de realizar ultrasonido cardiaco enfocado por medio de un dispositivo portátil (ecoscopio). Materiales y métodos: se compararon los resultados obtenidos mediante ecoscopia realizada por los médicos que recibieron el entrenamiento, con los obtenidos mediante ecocardiografía convencional realizada por cardiólogos expertos. Métodos: un total de 5 médicos no cardiólogos incluyendo un estudiante de Medicina de último año, 2 residentes de Medicina Interna y 2 Intensivistas participaron en un curso de entrenamiento de cuatro semanas, dirigido por un Cardiólogo experto de nivel III así: Primera semana: teoría y bases de ecocardiografía (3 horas diarias) Segunda semana: teoría de la adquisición de imágenes. Hallazgos normales y anormales (50 estudios). Tercera semana: manejo del ecoscopio (50 estudios). Cuarta semana: recolección de datos. Se incluyeron pacientes programados para ecocardiografía convencional en el Laboratorio de métodos no invasivos. A cada paciente se le realizaron dos exámenes. El primero consistió en una ecoscopia hecha por médico que recibió el entrenamiento y el segundo consistió en un ecocardiograma realizado por un cardiólogo experto. Los parámetros ecocardiográficos evaluados fueron: fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo, disfunción ventricular derecha, crecimiento auricular izquierdo, hipertensión pulmonar, enfermedad valvular cardiaca y derrame pericárdico. Por medio de análisis de concordancia (índice Kappa) se compararon los resultados encontrados en ecoscopia versus ecocardiografía. Resultados: de 221 estudios se obtuvo concordancia moderada en fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (к =0,541, p<0,000), función ventricular derecha (к =0,403, p<0,001), dilatación de la aurícula izquierda (к =0,413, p<0,001), valvulopatía mitral (к =0,466, p<0,001) y tricuspídea (к =0,437, p<0,001). La valvulopatía aórtica mostró un acuerdo débil. El derrame pericárdico y la hipertensión pulmonar tuvieron concordancia pobre y débil, respectivamente. Conclusiones: con un tiempo limitado de formación, los participantes sin experiencia previa en técnicas de ultrasonido y utilizando ecoscopia, alcanzaron un acuerdo moderado en la mayoría de las mediciones cuando se comparó con ecocardiografía convencional practicada por ecocardiografistas expertos. Es necesario un estudio con mayor número de participantes que determine el tiempo de formación ideal para obtener resultados comparables con ecocardiografía.

Abstract Introduction: Focused cardiac ultrasound has been proposed as a useful approach for improving clinical decision making, as well as to be able to rapidly identify the ultrasound signs of a specific list of potential diagnoses. Objective: To evaluate a training program for physicians with no experience in cardiac ultrasound with the aim performing focused cardiac ultrasound using a portable device (echoscopy). Materials and methods: The results obtained from echoscopy performed by the physicians that received training were compared with those obtained with conventional cardiac ultrasound carried out by expert cardiologists. A total of 5 non-cardiologist doctors, including 1 medical student, 2 Internal Medicine residents, and 2 from Intensive Medicine, took part in a four-week training course given by a Level III Cardiology specialist. The course included: First week: Theory and basis of cardiac ultrasound (3 hours daily) Second week: Theory of acquiring images. Normal and abnormal findings (50 studies). Third week: handling of the echoscope (50 studies). Fourth week: Data collection. The study included patients scheduled for conventional cardiac ultrasound in the Non-Invasive Methods Laboratory. Two examinations were carried out on each patient. The first consisted of an echoscopy performed by a doctor that had received the training, and the second consisted of a cardiac ultrasound carried out by an expert cardiologist. The ultrasound parameters evaluated were: left ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricular dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac valve disease, and pericardial effusion. The results found in echoscopy versus cardiac ultrasound were compared using concordance analysis (Kappa Index). Results: The following results were obtained on the 221 studies performed: moderate agreement in left ventricular ejection fraction (к =0.541, P<.000), right ventricular function (к =0.403, P<.001), left atrial enlargement (к =0.413, P<.001), mitral valve and tricuspid valve disease (к =0.437, P<.001 and (к =0.466, P<.001, respectively). There was weak agreement with aortic valve disease. Pericardiac effusion and the presence of pulmonary hypertension had a poor and week agreement, respectively. Conclusions: With a limited training period, the participants with no previous experience in ultrasound techniques and using echoscopy achieved a moderate agreement in the majority of measurements when compared with conventional cardiac ultrasound performed by experts in the technique. A study with a larger number of participants is required in order to determine the ideal training period to obtain results comparable with cardiac ultrasound.

Evaluation of enemas containing sucralfate in tissue content of muc-2 protein in experimental model of diversion colitis / Avaliação de enemas com sucralfato no conteúdo tecidual da proteina muc-2 em colite de exclusão experimental

ABSTRACT Background: The effects of topical application of sucralfate (SCF) on the tissue content of MUC-2 protein have not yet been evaluated in experimental models of diversion colitis. Aim: To measure the tissue content of MUC-2 protein in the colonic mucosa diverted from fecal stream submitted to the SCF intervention. Methods: Thirty-six rats underwent derivation of intestinal transit through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three groups which were submitted application of enemas with saline, SCF 1 g/kg/day and SCF 2 g/kg/day. Each group was divided into two subgroups, according to euthanasia was done after two or four weeks. The colitis diagnosis was established by histopathological study and the inflammatory intensity was evaluated by previously validated scale. The MUC-2 protein was identified by immunohistochemistry and the tissue content was measured computerized morphometry). Results: The application of enemas with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day reduced inflammatory score of the segments that were diverted from fecal stream. The content of MUC-2 in diverted colon of the animals submitted to the intervention with SCF, independently of intervention period and the used concentration, was significantly greater than animals submitted to the application of enemas containing saline (p< 0.01). The content of MUC-2 after the intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day was significantly higher when compared to the animals submitted to the application containing SCF at concentration of 1.0 g/kg/day (p<0.01). The tissue content of MUC-2 reached the highest values after intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day for four weeks (p<0.01). Conclusion: The preventive application of enemas containing SCF reduces the inflammatory score and avoids the reduction of tissue content of MUC-2, suggesting that the substance is a valid therapeutic strategy to preserve the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium.

RESUMO Racional: Os efeitos da aplicação tópica de sucralfato (SCF) no conteúdo tecidual da proteína mucina-2 (MUC-2) ainda não foram avaliados em modelos experimentais de colite de exclusão. Objetivo: Mensurar o conteúdo tecidual da proteína MUC-2 na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal submetida à intervenção com SCF. Método: Trinta e seis ratos foram submetidos à derivação intestinal por colostomia proximal terminal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos em três grupos segundo recebessem clisteres contendo solução fisiológica (SF), SCF 1 g/kg/dia e SCF 2 g/kg/dia. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, segundo a eutanásia ser realizada após duas ou quatro semanas. O diagnóstico de colite foi estabelecido por estudo histopatológico e a intensidade inflamatória foi avaliada por escala validada. A expressão tecidual da MUC-2 foi identificada por imunoistoquímica e seu conteúdo mensurado por morfometria computadorizada. Resultados: A aplicação de clisteres com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia reduziu a intensidade inflamatória no cólon sem trânsito fecal. O conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2 no cólon sem trânsito dos animais submetidos à intervenção com SCF, independente do tempo de intervenção e da concentração utilizada, foi maior quando comparado aos animais tratados com SF (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 após a intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia foi maior quando comparado aos animais submetidos à intervenção com concentração menor (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 foi maior após intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia por quatro semanas (p<0,01). Conclusão: A aplicação preventiva de clisteres com SCF reduz o grau de inflamação e preserva o conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2, em segmentos desprovidos de trânsito intestinal, mostrando-se uma estratégia terapêutica válida para preservar a camada de muco que recobre o epitélio intestinal.

[retracted article]: evaluation of enemas containing sucralfate in tissue content of muc-2 protein in experimental model of diversion colitis / [artigo retratado]: avaliação de enemas com sucralfato no conteúdo tecidual da proteina muc-2 em colite de exclusão experimental

ABSTRACT Background: The effects of topical application of sucralfate (SCF) on the tissue content of MUC-2 protein have not yet been evaluated in experimental models of diversion colitis. Aim: To measure the tissue content of MUC-2 protein in the colonic mucosa diverted from fecal stream submitted to the SCF intervention. Methods: Thirty-six rats underwent derivation of intestinal transit through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three groups which were submitted application of enemas with saline, SCF 1 g/kg/day and SCF 2 g/kg/day. Each group was divided into two subgroups, according to euthanasia was done after two or four weeks. The colitis diagnosis was established by histopathological study and the inflammatory intensity was evaluated by previously validated scale. The MUC-2 protein was identified by immunohistochemistry and the tissue content was measured computerized morphometry). Results: The application of enemas with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day reduced inflammatory score of the segments that were diverted from fecal stream. The content of MUC-2 in diverted colon of the animals submitted to the intervention with SCF, independently of intervention period and the used concentration, was significantly greater than animals submitted to the application of enemas containing saline (p< 0.01). The content of MUC-2 after the intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day was significantly higher when compared to the animals submitted to the application containing SCF at concentration of 1.0 g/kg/day (p<0.01). The tissue content of MUC-2 reached the highest values after intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day for four weeks (p<0.01). Conclusion: The preventive application of enemas containing SCF reduces the inflammatory score and avoids the reduction of tissue content of MUC-2, suggesting that the substance is a valid therapeutic strategy to preserve the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium.

RESUMO Racional: Os efeitos da aplicação tópica de sucralfato (SCF) no conteúdo tecidual da proteína mucina-2 (MUC-2) ainda não foram avaliados em modelos experimentais de colite de exclusão. Objetivo: Mensurar o conteúdo tecidual da proteína MUC-2 na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal submetida à intervenção com SCF. Método: Trinta e seis ratos foram submetidos à derivação intestinal por colostomia proximal terminal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos em três grupos segundo recebessem clisteres contendo solução fisiológica (SF), SCF 1 g/kg/dia e SCF 2 g/kg/dia. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, segundo a eutanásia ser realizada após duas ou quatro semanas. O diagnóstico de colite foi estabelecido por estudo histopatológico e a intensidade inflamatória foi avaliada por escala validada. A expressão tecidual da MUC-2 foi identificada por imunoistoquímica e seu conteúdo mensurado por morfometria computadorizada. Resultados: A aplicação de clisteres com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia reduziu a intensidade inflamatória no cólon sem trânsito fecal. O conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2 no cólon sem trânsito dos animais submetidos à intervenção com SCF, independente do tempo de intervenção e da concentração utilizada, foi maior quando comparado aos animais tratados com SF (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 após a intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia foi maior quando comparado aos animais submetidos à intervenção com concentração menor (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 foi maior após intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia por quatro semanas (p<0,01). Conclusão: A aplicação preventiva de clisteres com SCF reduz o grau de inflamação e preserva o conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2, em segmentos desprovidos de trânsito intestinal, mostrando-se uma estratégia terapêutica válida para preservar a camada de muco que recobre o epitélio intestinal.

Influence of the application of enemas with oily extract of curcumin (Curcuma longa) on the tissue content of neutral and acidic mucins in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream / Influência da aplicação de clisteres contendo extrato oleoso de curcumina (Curcuma longa) no conteúdo tecidual de mucinas neutras e ácidas na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal

ABSTRACT Purpose: To verify if the application of enemas containing oily extracts of curcumin preserves the tissue content of mucins in the glands of the colonic mucosa without fecal stream. Method: Thirty-six Wistar rats were submitted to diversion of the fecal stream by proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were subdivided into three groups, and accordingly received enemas with saline and oily extract of curcumin at concentrations of 50 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day. After two or four weeks of intervention, the irrigated colic segments were removed. Neutral and acidic mucins were identified by Periodic-acid Schiff and Alcian-Blue techniques, respectively. The content of both mucin subtypes was measured by computerized morphometry. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the results, adopting a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was an increase in the tissue content of neutral mucins in animals treated with curcumin at a concentration of 50 mg/kg/day for four weeks, whereas in the group treated with 200 mg/kg/day there was an increase independent of the time of intervention. The content of acidic mucins increased in animals treated with 200 mg/kg/day regardless of the intervention time, whereas in those treated with 50 mg/kg/day an increase was observed only after four weeks. Conclusion: Enemas with curcumin preserve the content of neutral and acidic mucins in the colonic epithelium without fecal stream.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se a aplicação de clisteres com extrato oleoso de curcumina preserva o conteúdo de mucinas nas glândulas da mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal. Método: Trinta e seis ratos Wistar foram submetidos à derivação intestinal por colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram subdivididos em três grupos, segundo receberem clisteres com soro fisiológico 0,9%, extrato oleoso de curcumina nas concentrações de 50 mg/kg/dia ou 200 mg/kg/dia. Após duas ou quatro semanas de intervenção foram removidos os segmentos cólicos irrigados. As mucinas neutras e ácidas foram identificadas pelas técnicas do PAS e Alcian-Blue, respectivamente. O conteúdo tecidual de ambos os subtipos de mucinas foi mensurado por morfometria computadorizada. Utilizou-se teste de Mann-Whitney para análise dos resultados adotando-se nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Houve aumento no conteúdo de mucinas neutras nos animais tratados com curcumina na concentração de 50 mg/kg/dia por quatro semanas, enquanto nos tratados com 200 mg/kg/dia houve aumento independente do tempo de intervenção. O conteúdo de mucinas ácidas aumentou nos animais tratados com 200 mg/kg/dia independente do tempo de intervenção, enquanto nos tratados com 50 mg/kg/dia encontrou-se aumento apenas após quatro semanas. Conclusão: Clisteres com curcumina preservam o conteúdo de mucinas neutras e ácidas no epitélio cólico sem trânsito intestinal.

Evaluation of enemas containing sucralfate in tissue content of muc-2 protein in experimental model of diversion colitis / Avaliação de enemas com sucralfato no conteúdo tecidual da proteina muc-2 em colite de exclusão experimental

ABSTRACT Background: The effects of topical application of sucralfate (SCF) on the tissue content of MUC-2 protein have not yet been evaluated in experimental models of diversion colitis. Aim: To measure the tissue content of MUC-2 protein in the colonic mucosa diverted from fecal stream submitted to the SCF intervention. Methods: Thirty-six rats underwent derivation of intestinal transit through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three groups which were submitted application of enemas with saline, SCF 1 g/kg/day and SCF 2 g/kg/day. Each group was divided into two subgroups, according to euthanasia was done after two or four weeks. The colitis diagnosis was established by histopathological study and the inflammatory intensity was evaluated by previously validated scale. The MUC-2 protein was identified by immunohistochemistry and the tissue content was measured computerized morphometry). Results: The application of enemas with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day reduced inflammatory score of the segments that were diverted from fecal stream. The content of MUC-2 in diverted colon of the animals submitted to the intervention with SCF, independently of intervention period and the used concentration, was significantly greater than animals submitted to the application of enemas containing saline (p< 0.01). The content of MUC-2 after the intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day was significantly higher when compared to the animals submitted to the application containing SCF at concentration of 1.0 g/kg/day (p<0.01). The tissue content of MUC-2 reached the highest values after intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day for four weeks (p<0.01). Conclusion: The preventive application of enemas containing SCF reduces the inflammatory score and avoids the reduction of tissue content of MUC-2, suggesting that the substance is a valid therapeutic strategy to preserve the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium.

RESUMO Racional: Os efeitos da aplicação tópica de sucralfato (SCF) no conteúdo tecidual da proteína mucina-2 (MUC-2) ainda não foram avaliados em modelos experimentais de colite de exclusão. Objetivo: Mensurar o conteúdo tecidual da proteína MUC-2 na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal submetida à intervenção com SCF. Método : Trinta e seis ratos foram submetidos à derivação intestinal por colostomia proximal terminal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos em três grupos segundo recebessem clisteres contendo solução fisiológica (SF), SCF 1 g/kg/dia e SCF 2 g/kg/dia. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, segundo a eutanásia ser realizada após duas ou quatro semanas. O diagnóstico de colite foi estabelecido por estudo histopatológico e a intensidade inflamatória foi avaliada por escala validada. A expressão tecidual da MUC-2 foi identificada por imunoistoquímica e seu conteúdo mensurado por morfometria computadorizada. Resultados: A aplicação de clisteres com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia reduziu a intensidade inflamatória no cólon sem trânsito fecal. O conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2 no cólon sem trânsito dos animais submetidos à intervenção com SCF, independente do tempo de intervenção e da concentração utilizada, foi maior quando comparado aos animais tratados com SF (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 após a intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia foi maior quando comparado aos animais submetidos à intervenção com concentração menor (p<0,01). O conteúdo de MUC-2 foi maior após intervenção com SCF na concentração de 2 g/kg/dia por quatro semanas (p<0,01). Conclusão: A aplicação preventiva de clisteres com SCF reduz o grau de inflamação e preserva o conteúdo tecidual de MUC-2, em segmentos desprovidos de trânsito intestinal, mostrando-se uma estratégia terapêutica válida para preservar a camada de muco que recobre o epitélio intestinal.

The mediating role of metacognitive variables in the relationship between Thought-Action Fusion and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology / El papel mediador de las variables metacognitivas en la relación entre la fusión pensamiento-acción y la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva

Diverse studies support the central role of Thought-Action Fusion (TAF) and other metacognitive variables in the understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomatology. However,amore detailed study of the involvement of the sevariables is needed. This article seeks to assess the possible mediating role of the factors of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) in the relationship between TAF and OCD symptoms both in clinical and non-clinical samples.A cross-sectional design was used in which120 participants, divided into three groups (two clinical and one non-clinical), completed the questionnaires assessing the constructsof interest. The mediational findings generally supported the proposed mediation model. Specifically, the mediational analyses focused on negative beliefs and the need to control (metacognitive factors of the MCQ) showed that MCQ Negative beliefs mediated the effects of TAF-Total and TAF factors (except for the TAF-Moral) on OCD symptomatology in the OCD group. The MCQ Need to control was non-significantasa mediator of the relationships between TAF and OCD. However, it was observed that this mediation approached significance, with considerable effect sizes. In the clinical-control group, the analyses showed that MCQ Negative beliefs mediated the effects of TAF-Like lihood-One self on OCD symptoms. In the remaining group, neither MCQ Negative beliefs nor MCQ Need to control were found to be significant mediators. It is generally concluded that certain beliefs, such as TAF, can evolve toward more complex metacognitive beliefs, which ultimate ly lead to the development of OCD symptoms.

Diversos estudios han señalado el papel de la fusión pensamiento-acción (TAF) y otras creencias metacognitivas en la comprensión de la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva. No obstante, es preciso un estudio más pormenorizado que esclarezca la contribución de estas variables. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el posible papel mediador de los factores del Cuestionario de Metacogniciones (MCQ)en la relación entre la TAF y la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva, tanto en muestras clínicas como no clínicas. Con un diseño transversal, 120 participantes divididos entres grupos (dos clínicos y uno no clínico) respondieron a los cuestionarios que evaluaban los constructos de interés. Los resultados apoyaron de manera general el modelo mediacional propuesto. Concretamente, los análisis se centraron en la necesidad de control y las creencias negativas (factores metacognitivos del MCQ) y mostraron los siguientes resultados. En el grupo de sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva, las creencias negativas mediaron los efectos deTAF-totaly los factores de TAF en la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva, a excepción de TAF-moral. El factor necesidad de control no llegó a ser un mediador significativo; no obstante, esta mediación estaba próxima a la significatividad y se contemplaron tamaños del efecto considerables. Respecto al grupo de control clínico, los análisis mostraron que las creencias negativas mediaban los efectos de TAF-probabilidad-uno mismo en la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva. En el grupo restante, ni las creencias negativas ni la necesidad de control resultaron ser mediadores significativos. Se concluye, de manera general, que creencias como la TAF pueden evolucionar hacia creencias metacognitivas más complejas que conllevan, en último término, el desarrollo de la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva.

Gestión de riesgo para la prescripción de terapias biológicas / Risk management for prescribing biological therapies

(AU) El concepto de «riesgo en salud¼ es relativamente nuevo, surge en el lenguaje epidemiológico británico en los inicios del siglo xx y es definido por la OMS como la probabilidad de un resultado sanitario adverso, o la presencia de un factor que aumenta esa probabilidad. La gestión del riesgo se define, a su vez, como el proceso de identificar, analizar y cuantificar las probabilidades de pérdidas y efectos secundarios que se desprenden de los actos en salud, así como de las acciones preventivas, correctivas y reductivas correspondientes que deben emprenderse. La gestión del riesgo es un proceso gerencial estructurado que tiene por objetivo identificar los principales riesgos en salud de la población o del individuo. Los riesgos identificados son intervenidos mediante estrategias coordinadas que buscan disminuir su ocurrencia

Evaluación de eficacia y seguridad de Dabigatran y Rivaroxaban, comparados con Warfarina y otros anticoagulantes orales, en pacientes con fibrilación auricular / Efficacy and safety assessment of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban compared to warfarin and other oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation

Introducción: el uso de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales como Dabigatran, Ribaroxaban y Apixaban en pacientes con FA no valvular ha sido evaluado en los estudios RELY, ROCKET-AF y ARISTOTELE, respectivamente. En ellos se demuestra su eficacia en la prevención de embolia, con un perfil de seguridad similar o incluso mejor que la terapia estándar con Warfarina. En los últimos tres años es significativo el número de estudios (revisiones sistemáticas, más que ECA) que se han publicado con estos nuevos anticoagulantes orales. Dada su relativa recién aparición e indicación por las Guías de Práctica Clínica, se hace necesario adelantar una revisión de literatura que permita sintetizar todos estos nuevos conocimientos y poder generar una o varias recomendaciones aplicables a la población colombiana. Objetivos: sintetizar y evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de Rivaroxaban y Dabigatran en adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Métodos: revisión sistemática de literatura. Se incluyeron estudios de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular en quienes se interviniera con Warfarina o alguno de los nuevos anticoagulantes aprobados en Colombia (Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban). El Apixaban solo se tuvo en cuenta como medicamento comparador. Serealizó una búsqueda en los principales recursos bibliográficos (Cochrane, Medline, Embase, LILACS) para revisiones sistemáticas con meta-análisis y meta-análisis en red. Adicionalmente se realizó una búsqueda de ECA y estudios observacionales para meta-analizar y reportar las medidas de efecto que no fueran descritas por las revisiones sistemáticas elegidas, según los desenlaces propuestos por el grupo desarrollador. Resultados: se seleccionaron 15 estudios de un total de 1840. Se encontraron comparaciones directas entre Rivaroxaban y Dabigatran con Warfarina, así como comparaciones indirectas entre los nuevos anticoagulantes orales para la mayoría de desenlaces propuestos. Para el desenlace primario (ACV isquémico) se encontró beneficio con Dabigatran 150mg en comparación con Warfarina y con Dabigatran 110mg (OR=0,76 (0,58-0,98) y 0,67 (0,53-0,86) respectivamente). Ninguna comparación indirecta fue estadísticamente significativa para eficacia. Tanto Dabigatran (150mg y 110mg) como Rivaroxaban son más seguros que Warfarina para la prevención de hemorragias intracraneales (OR=0,42 (0,28-0,61); 0,30 (0,19-0,46) y 0,64 (0,46-0,88) respectivamente). Conclusiones: Dabigatran (150 mg) es más eficaz que Warfarina para la prevención de ACV isquémico. Rivaroxaban es más eficaz que Warfarina para la prevención de embolismos sistémicos. El uso de Dabigatran (150 o 110 mg) o de Rivaroxaban es más seguro que Warfarina para la prevención de hemorragias intracraneanas. Debido a la falta de comparaciones directas, no es posible afirmar que la eficacia de uno de los NACOS aprobados para su uso en Colombia sea más eficaz que otro. Sin embargo, Dabigatran parece brindar un mayor beneficio clínico neto que Rivaroxaban para esta indicación terapéutica.(AU)

Drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo parcial del pulmón izquierdo: Corrección mediante toracotomía sin circulación extracorpórea / Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left lung: Correction through thoracotomy without extracorporeal circulation

Se describen dos casos de drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo parcial del pulmón izquierdo a la vena vertical, la cual drena a su vez a la vena innominada, en dos niños de 6 y 8 años respectivamente. Se exponen el cuadro clínico, los hallazgos del cateterismo, la evolución clínica y el resultado postquirúrgico; adicionalmente, se hace una revisión de la literatura.

Two cases of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the left lung to the vertical vein, which in turn drains to the innominate vein, are described in two 6 and 8 year old children. The clinical picture, catheterization findings, clinical course and postoperative outcome are discussed and a review of the literature is made in addition.

Caracterización de salud, dependencia, inmovilidad y riesgo de úlceras por presión de enfermos ingresados al programa de atención domiciliaria / Characterization of health, dependence, immobility and ulcer pressure risk in patients admitted to home care program

La atención de personas en su hogar es el desafío que enfrenta la atención primaria. La presente investigación cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, tiene como objetivo determinar el perfil sociodemográfico, de salud, dependencia, movilidad y riesgo de ulceras por presión en 84 personas ingresadas al programa de atención domiciliaria del Centro de Salud Familiar Antonio Varas de Puerto Montt. Para la recolección de la información se utilizaron los instrumentos de índice de Katz, etapificación de la dismovilidad (ETADI), escala de Braden-Bergstrom y la clasificación del Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento en Úlceras por Presión y heridas Crónicas (GNEAUPP). Los resultados arrojaron una edad promedio de 68,3 años (DE 18,2 años), con un 73,8 por ciento de adultos mayores, un 56 por ciento de mujeres, escolaridad básica o inferior del 80 por ciento. El 72 por ciento presenta dependencia severa y el 39 por ciento presenta parálisis o paraplejia, ello como causa de evento cardiovascular (23,8 por ciento) y accidentes o violencias (13,1 por ciento). Se establece relación significativa (p<0,00) entre dependencia y presencia de úlceras por presión; así como del nivel de inmovilidad y grado de dependencia y entre el nivel de inmovilidad y el riesgo de presentar ulceras por presión. Los cambios demográficos y epidemiológicos prevén un aumento en la necesidad de asistencia domiciliaria y será la enfermera quién tome un rol protagónico en la atención de estos pacientes y sus grupos familiares.

Caring people at home, is the challenge that primary care is facing. This quantitative, descriptive, correlational study aims to determine the socio-demographic profle, health, dependency, mobility and risk of pressure ulcers in 84 people admitted to the home Care program from Antonio Varas Family Health Center at Puerto Montt city. Katz index, staging of dismovilidad (ETADI), Braden-Bergstrom scale data collection; the classification of the National Group for the Study and Assessment in Pressure Ulcers and Chronic Wounds (GNEAUPP), were used for data collection. Results showed an average age of 68.3 years (SD 18.2 years), with 73.8 percent of seniors, 56 percent of women, (80 percent with basic schooling or less primary). 72 percent present severe dependence and 39 percent have paralysis or paraplegia, it as a cause cardiovascular event (23.8 percent and accidents or violence (13.1 percent). Significant relationship (p <0.00) between dependence and presence of pressure ulcers, as well as the level of immobility and dependence between the level of immobility and the risk of pressure ulcer is set. The demographic and epidemiological changes predict an increase in the need for home care and the nurse will be the one who take a leading role in the care of these patients and their families.

Condiciones ambientales en el sistema de bibliotecas públicas de la Municipalidad del Partido de General Pueyrredón (PVCIA. Buenos Aires-Argentina): estudio de las condiciones del medio ambiente y de los factores de riesgo, y su percepción por parte de los trabajadores durante el periodo 2008-2009 / Environmental conditions in the public library system of the city General Party Pueyrredon (PVCIA. Buenos Aires-Argentina): a study of environmental conditions and risk factors, and their perception by workers during the period 2008-2009

Este estudio se encuentra radicado en el proyecto del grupo de investigación Alejandría, el que se encuentra abocado a la indagación de las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo existentes en las Bibliotecas Públicas del Partido de General Pueyrredon (Pvcia. de Buenos Aires – Argentina). El objetivo ha sido formalizar una descripción sobre el medio ambiente de trabajo de las bibliotecas públicas con el propósito de recabar datos objetivos sobre los factores de riesgo a los que se encuentra expuesto el trabajador y sobre la percepción de los bibliotecarios capaces de producir o contribuir a producir daños sobre su salud. Durante la revisión bibliográfica hemos detectado que no existen estudios ni registros acerca del medio ambiente de trabajo en las bibliotecas públicas radicadas en el Partido por lo que consideramos fundamental recabar datos objetivos así como la opinión de los trabajadores que a diario asumen estos riesgos. Indudablemente estos componentes resultan de trascendental importancia al momento de promover cualquier tipo de política de prevención.

This study is based on the research group's project Alexandria, which is devoting to the investigation of the conditions and work environment existing in Public Libraries General Pueyrredon Party (Pvcia. of Buenos Aires - Argentina). The aim was to formalize a description of the working environment of public libraries in order to obtain objective data on risk factors to which the worker is exposed and the perception of librarians able to produce or contribute to cause damage on their health. During the literature review we found that there are no studies and no records about the work environment in public libraries located in the Party for what we believe essential to collect objective data and the views of workers who take these risks every day. Undoubtedly these components are of transcendental importance when promoting any type of prevention policy.

Enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza: seroprevalencia, características epidemiológicas y sociales / Chagas-Mazza' disease: seroprevalence, epidemiological and social features / Doença de Chagas-Mazza: soroprevalência, características epidemiológicas e sociais

La enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por un protozoo flagelado, el Trypanosoma cruzi. Es una patología característica de Hispanoamérica y en la actualidad habría en el mundo más de 20 millones de infectados. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: determinar la seroprevalencia en los pacientes con solicitud de serología para enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza y evaluar la situación epidemiológica y social de la población afectada. El trabajo es de tipo prospectivo, observacional y comprende el período entre julio de 2006 y julio de 2008. Se emplearon como técnicas de diagnóstico sobre muestras de suero: Hemaglutinación indirecta (HAI Chagatest, Wiener lab), enzimoinmunoensayo (Chagatest ELISA v 3.0 Wiener lab), ¡nmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI con reactivos propios, utilizando antígenos y controles del Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén"). Se consideraron positivas aquellas muestras con las que se obtuvo un resultado positivo en dos de las tres técnicas. Con el fin de optimizar la recolección de datos epidemiológicos se utilizó una estrategia multidisciplinaria que involucró a los médicos que solicitaban el estudio, a la Sala de Epidemiología, al servicio de Asistencia social y al laboratorio. Se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de 11,4% en el período estudiado, con la siguiente distribución por país de nacimiento: 47,8% Argentina, 43,5% Bolivia, 8,3% Paraguay y 0,4% Chile. Es evidente la importancia de los fenómenos migratorios en la región, entendiendo que la enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza representa una forma de movilización social. El 60,4% de los pacientes seropositivos tenían necesidades básicas insatisfechas, sólo el 30% de los entrevistados tenían estudios primarios completos. En cuanto a la percepción de la patología, se observa la aceptación de la enfermedad en referencia a que la padecen sus padres, otros familiares o allegados.

The Chagas-Mazza' disease is a parasitic disease caused by a flagellate protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi. It is a pathology characteristic of Latin America and currently have over 20 million people infected all over the world. The objectives of this study were: to state the prevalence in patients with Chagas-Mazza ' disease infection application and to evaluate the epidemiological and social situation of the affected population. The work is prospective, observational, and covers the period July 2006 to July 2008. Were used as diagnostic techniques on serum samples: Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA Chagatest, Wiener lab), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA Chagatest Wiener lab v 3.0), immunofluorescence (IFI with their own reagents, antigens and controls using the National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén"). Those samples were considered positive with which a positive result was obtained in two of the three techniques. To optimize the collection of epidemiological data used a multidisciplinary approach, involving physicians who requested the study to the Board of epidemiology, social work service and laboratory. We obtained a seroprevalence of 11.4% over the period studied, with the following distribution by country of birth: 47.8% Argentina, 43.5% Bolivia, 8.3% Paraguay and 0.4% Chile. Highlights the importance of migratory phenomena in the region, understanding that Chagas-Mazza' disease is a form of social mobilization. In 60.4% have unmet basic needs, only 30% of respondents have completed primary education. Regarding the perception of pathology is observed acceptance of the disease in reference to that suffered by their parents, other family members or relatives.

A doença de Chagas-Mazza é uma doença parasitaria causada por um protozoário flagelado, o Trypanosoma cruzi. E uma patologia característica de Hispanoamérica e na atualidade existiriam no mundo mais de 20 milhóes de infectados. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: determinar a soroprevalência nos pacientes com pedido de sorologia para doença de Chagas-Mazza e avaliar a situaçâo epidemiológica e social da populaçâo afetada. O trabalho é de tipo prospectivo, observacional e compreende o período entre julho de 2006 e julho de 2008. Foram utilizadas como técnicas de diagnóstico sobre amostras de soro: Hemaglutinaçâo indireta (HAI Chagatest, Wiener lab), enzimaimunoensaio (Chagatest ELISA v 3.0 Wiener lab), imunofluorescência indireta (IFI com reagentes próprios, utilizando antígenos e controles do Instituto Nacional de Parasitologia "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén"). Foram consideradas positivas aquelas amostras com as quais foi obtido um resultado positivo em duas das très técnicas. Visando a otimizar a coleta de dados epidemiológicos, foi utilizada uma estratégia multidisciplinar que envolveu os médicos que solicitavam o estudo, a Sala de Epidemiologia, o serviço de Assistência Social e o laboratório. Foi obtida uma soroprevalência de 11,4%, no período estudado, com a seguinte distribuiçâo por país de nascimento: 47,8% Argentina, 43,5% Bolivia, 8,3% Paraguai e 0,4% Chile. E evidente a importancia dos fenómenos migratórios na regiâo, entendendo que a doença de Chagas-Mazza representa uma forma de mobilizaçâo social. 60,4% dos pacientes soropositivos tinham necessidades básicas insatisfeitas, só 30% dos entrevistados tinham finalizado o Primerio Grau. Quanto à percepçâo da patologia, observase a aceitaçâo da doença em referência a que é padecida por seus pais, outros familiares ou conhecidos.

Potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Rio de Janeiro: a case-control study / Potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de esclerose múltipla no Rio de Janeiro: um estudo caso controle

PURPOSE: To evaluate potential risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis in Brazilian patients. METHOD: A case control study was carried out in 81 patients enrolled at the Department of Neurology of the Hospital da Lagoa in Rio de Janeiro, and 81 paired controls. A standardized questionnaire on demographic, social and cultural variables, and medical and family history was used. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression models with the SPSS for Windows software program. RESULTS: Having standard vaccinations (vaccinations specified by the Brazilian government) (OR=16.2; 95 percent CI=2.3-115.2), smoking (OR=7.6; 95 percent CI=2.1-28.2), being single (OR=4.7; 95 percent CI=1.4-15.6) and eating animal brain (OR=3.4; 95 percent CI=1.2-9.8) increased the risk of developing MS. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS of this study may contribute towards better awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de esclerose múltipla em pacientes brasileiros. MÉTODO: Um estudo caso-controle incluiu 81 pacientes atendidos no Departamento de Neurologia do Hospital da Lagoa, no Rio de Janeiro, e 81 controles. Um questionário padronizado incluiu variáveis demográficas, sociais e culturais, além da história familiar e clínica. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS para Windows e foi constituída de estatísticas descritivas e de um modelo de regressão logística condicional. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com história de imunização (OR=16,2; IC95 por cento=2,3-115,2), fumantes (OR=7,6; IC95 por cento=2,1-28,2), solteiros (OR=4,7; IC95 por cento=1,4-15,6) e que consumiam cérebro de animal (OR=3,4; IC95 por cento=1,2-9,8) tiveram risco mais elevado de desenvolver esclerose múltipla quando comparados aos controles. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para um melhor entendimento das características epidemiológicas dos pacientes brasileiros com esclerose múltipla.