RESUMO
Neurodevelopmental disorders are the result of a disturbance of brain function. They are frequent, with varied symptomatology, manifest themselves at different times of life and tend to be persistent with impact at the individual, family and social level. The association of these disorders with genetic entities is low. Although the research supports a mode of genetic inheritance, epigenetic factors and environmental factors can play an important role. In recent years there was a striking increase of these disorders especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and pervasive development disorder. Environmental factors such as the intoxication of the fetus by especially heavy metals lead and mercury are to blame in some children, of these disorders. Other substances of wide use, little degradation and maintenance in the food chain as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and now the recycling of electronic waste put especially infants and children at risk, and even more so in the developing countries.