Invasión microbiana de la cavidad amniótica en la rotura de membranas de pretérmino: Resultados maternoneonatales y patología placentaria según microorganismo aislado / Outcome of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity in the preterm premature rupture of membranes

Background: Microbial invasion of amniotic cavity occurs in 30 to 50percent of patients with premature membrane rupture. Aim: To determine the outcomes associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) in patients with preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROM). Patients and methods: One hundred thirty four patients with preterm pPROM between 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, without clinical infection or labor, were studied. Cultures were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis from the amniotic fluid and the lower genital tract. Four groups of MIAC were observed: MIAC1: due to S. agalactiae, F. nucleatum or H. influenzae as only etiologic agents, MIAC2: due to other bacteria, alone or mixed, MIAC3: due to U. urealyticum as only etiologic agent, MIAC0: No MIAC and no infection of the lower genital tract. Study patients received antibiotics and were managed expectantly until 35 weeks unless clinical chorioamnionitis developed or an amniotic fluid culture returned positive for S. agalactiae, F. nucleatum or H. influenzae. Results: Ninety six patients were enrolled: MIAC1 (n=11), MIAC2 (n=30), MIAC3 (n=19) and MIAC0 (n=36). Clinical chorioamnionitis was more common in patients with MIAC1 than those with MIAC3 (p<0.01) and those without infection (p<0.001). The admission to delivery interval was shorter in patients with MIAC1 (2.8 days) than those with MIAC3 (10.1 days, p<0.05) and those without infection (18 days, p<0.001). Delivery within 48 h and within 7 days of admission were also more frequent in patients with MIAC1 than in patients with MIAC3 (p<0.05) or those without infection (p<0.001). Newborns to mothers with MIAC1 had a higher frequency of infection (36percent), asphyxia (36percent), admission to neonatal ICU (100percent) and death (46prcent) than those of mothers with MIAC3 and those without infection. Birth weight was also significantly lower. Histological chorioamnionitis was more common in patients with MIAC1 than in patients with MIAC3 and those without infection. The rate of funisitis was higher in patients with MIAC1 than those without infection. Conclusions: In patients with preterm PROM, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by S. agalactiae, F. nucleatum or H. influenzae is associated with high frecuency of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and neonatal death.

Aborto retenido con fetos toracopagos / Missed abortion with thoracopagus conjoined twins

Se presenta el caso de una paciente que consulta por síntomas de aborto, detectándose aborto retenido de 9 semanas con fetos toracopagos, que se confirma con el examen macroscópico luego de la evacuación uterina.

Infección intraamniótica por neisseria gonorrhoeae en un caso de rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino / Intraamniotic infection by neisseria gonorrhoeae in a case of premature rupture of preterm membranes

La neisseria gonorrhoeae, microorganismo transmitido sexualmente, se ha aislado en mujeres embarazadas del tracto genital inferior, pero no del líquido amniótico. Se cree que la acción antibacteriana del líquido amniótico provocaría alteraciones morfológicas en la bacteria y facilitaría su destrucción. Se comunica el caso de una paciente con infección intraamniótica por neisseria gonorrhoeae en un embarazo de pretérmino de 27 semanas con rotura prematura de membranas. Esta infección desencadenó el parto anticipadamente y la placenta presentó corioamnionitis. Sin embargo a pesar que la infección intraamniótica se asocia frecuentemente con infección ovular clínica, endometritis puerperal e infección grave en el recién nacido, el neonato de 888 gramos de peso y su madre no tuvieron estas patologías infecciosas. Se advierte al especialista en ginecoobstetricia, sobre la conveniencia de aislar todos los microorganismos asociados con parto prematuro

Experiencia en el uso de misoprostol vaginal como inductor de trabajo de parto en pacientes en un servicio de alto riesgo obstetrico / Experience in the use of vaginal misoprostol as inductor of labor in patients in an obstetric high risk service

Se presentan 90 pacientes de alto riesgo obstétrico inducidas por Misoprostol intravaginal 50 µg en dosis únicas; con un éxito de 93 por ciento y escasas complicaciones