RESUMO
Resumen En 2017, las Naciones Unidas declaran que 38 países, entre ellos España, continuaban realizando esterilizaciones forzadas en mujeres y niñas con discapacidad, a pesar de tratarse de una práctica ampliamente condenada por diversos organismos internacionales de derechos humanos. Este estudio analizó la situación de esta práctica en España, desde la perspectiva de activistas, profesionales e investigadoras con experiencias vinculadas a este colectivo. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa basada en la Teoría Fundamentada Constructivista. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a 22 informantes, que representaron a 6 comunidades autónomas del país. Las participantes identificaron un modelo de prácticas de salud de dominación y exclusión, donde la sexualidad y reproducción de mujeres con discapacidad ha sido objeto de expropiación, alienación y desprecio por parte de sistemas, estructuras y políticas diferenciadas, con escasa transferencia del marco global de derechos humanos a su realidad. La violencia sexual ha pasado inadvertida, naturalizándose por el entorno, han promovido mecanismos de exclusión social e inequidades en salud, al privarles de sus derechos humanos fundamentales. Al tratarse de una situación que se replica en diversos lugares del mundo, debiese considerarse un tema de relevancia para la salud pública internacional.
Abstract In 2017, the United Nations declared that 38 countries, including Spain, continued to practice forced sterilizations on women and girls with disabilities, despite it being a practice widely condemned by various international human rights organizations. This study analyzed the situation of this practice in Spain, from the perspective of activists, professionals and researchers with experiences related to this group. The methodology used was qualitative, based on Constructivist Grounded Theory. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were applied to 22 informants, representing 6 autonomous communities of the country. The participants identified a model of health practices of domination and exclusion, where the sexuality and reproduction of women with disabilities has been the object of expropriation, alienation and contempt by systems, structures and differentiated policies, with little transfer of the global framework of human rights to their reality. Sexual violence has gone unnoticed, becoming naturalized by the environment, and has promoted mechanisms of social exclusion and health inequities, depriving them of their fundamental human rights. As it is a situation that is replicated in various parts of the world, it should be considered an issue of relevance for international public health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isolamento Social , Esterilização Involuntária , Mulheres , Pessoas com Deficiência , Direitos HumanosRESUMO
Resumen En 2017, las Naciones Unidas declaran que 38 países, entre ellos España, continuaban realizando esterilizaciones forzadas en mujeres y niñas con discapacidad, a pesar de tratarse de una práctica ampliamente condenada por diversos organismos internacionales de derechos humanos. Este estudio analizó la situación de esta práctica en España, desde la perspectiva de activistas, profesionales e investigadoras con experiencias vinculadas a este colectivo. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa basada en la Teoría Fundamentada Constructivista. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a 22 informantes, que representaron a 6 comunidades autónomas del país. Las participantes identificaron un modelo de prácticas de salud de dominación y exclusión, donde la sexualidad y reproducción de mujeres con discapacidad ha sido objeto de expropiación, alienación y desprecio por parte de sistemas, estructuras y políticas diferenciadas, con escasa transferencia del marco global de derechos humanos a su realidad. La violencia sexual ha pasado inadvertida, naturalizándose por el entorno, han promovido mecanismos de exclusión social e inequidades en salud, al privarles de sus derechos humanos fundamentales. Al tratarse de una situación que se replica en diversos lugares del mundo, debiese considerarse un tema de relevancia para la salud pública internacional.
Abstract In 2017, the United Nations declared that 38 countries, including Spain, continued to practice forced sterilizations on women and girls with disabilities, despite it being a practice widely condemned by various international human rights organizations. This study analyzed the situation of this practice in Spain, from the perspective of activists, professionals and researchers with experiences related to this group. The methodology used was qualitative, based on Constructivist Grounded Theory. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were applied to 22 informants, representing 6 autonomous communities of the country. The participants identified a model of health practices of domination and exclusion, where the sexuality and reproduction of women with disabilities has been the object of expropriation, alienation and contempt by systems, structures and differentiated policies, with little transfer of the global framework of human rights to their reality. Sexual violence has gone unnoticed, becoming naturalized by the environment, and has promoted mechanisms of social exclusion and health inequities, depriving them of their fundamental human rights. As it is a situation that is replicated in various parts of the world, it should be considered an issue of relevance for international public health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Isolamento Social , Esterilização Involuntária , Mulheres , Pessoas com Deficiência , Direitos HumanosRESUMO
Attitudes play a central role in intimate partner violence against women and are related to its origin, to the responses of women who suffer violence, and to the settings where it occurs. In fact, these attitudes are recognized as one of the risk factors linked to violent perpetration and to public, professional, and victim responses to this type of violence. However, even though available research generally shows a broad rejection of this violence, it remains a serious social and health problem that has reached epidemic proportions. This suggests that the information available about these attitudes (obtained through explicit and direct measures, i.e., self-reports) may be distorted or influenced by factors such as social desirability. In this context, the overall objective of our research project is to provide multi-method measures (explicit and implicit) of attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women, and the main goal of this paper is to propose an instrument for the implicit measurement of these attitudes. In this regard, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most common procedure used, providing a superior predictive validity compared to explicit measures for socially sensitive topics. We will present an exploratory study that describes its adaptation for our purposes, and the development of the Gender Violence - Implicit Association Test (GV-IAT) to use among Spanish-speaking populations, and discuss the strengths and limitations of this proposal.