Comparison of intraoperative nociception and postoperative acute pain after traditional or minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Many variations of ovariohysterectomy techniques have been described, including the traditional one and minimally invasive procedures. Non-laparoscopic Snook hook technique is an alternative for performing minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy. Few studies have been carried out in order to assess pain in animals submitted to minimally invasive surgeries, especially involving one of the most performed surgical procedures in veterinary practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical duration, intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain after traditional ovariohysterectomy or minimally invasive non-laparoscopic technique in dogs using Snook hook. The hypothesis is that non-laparoscopic minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy would be faster and less painful than the conventional technique. Thirty dogs were divided into Traditional Group (TG = 15) and Minimally Invasive Group (MIG = 15). Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO2) and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were evaluated before the surgery begins (M0), during incision (M1), clamping of the first ovarian pedicle (M2), second ovarian pedicle (M3), uterine cervix (M4), abdominal suture (M5) and at the end of surgery (M6). The modified Glasgow Pain Scale was used for acute postoperative pain assessment and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the sensitivity of surgical wound. The level of significance established for all statistical analysis was 5%. Statistical differences were not observed between groups considering total surgical time and postoperative acute pain intensity (P > 0.05), in spite of MIG having shorter duration of surgery. There was no statistical difference between groups considering all intraoperative parameters except respiratory rate (TG < MIG; P < 0.05) and ETCO2 (MIG < TG; P < 0.05) at the moment of traction of the first ovarian pedicle (M2). Pain assessment by VAS showed statistical difference 24h after the end of surgery (TG < MIG) (P < 0.05). Both procedures were similar regarding intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain. It is possible that the sensation of pain in both procedures was blocked by the effectiveness of analgesics, once they might cause an inhibition of painful behaviors limiting a possible difference in pain identification. Higher respiratory stress observed in MIG at M2 and higher pain score by VAS noted in MIG 24 h after the end of surgery can be justified by greater traction of ovarian pedicle, due to limited surgical access of minimally invasive technique. Minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy non-laparoscopic seems to be potentially faster, probably due to the smaller size of the abdominal incision, which takes less time to be closed. In the present study, both techniques were performed by an experienced surgeon, providing safe procedures, nevertheless it is important to emphasize that iatrogenic injury can be caused by surgeons non-proficient in the Snook hook technique, considering the limited visualization of anatomical abdominal structures. Data obtained indicate that traditional ovariohysterectomy and non-laparoscopic Snook hook technique promote similar intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain, however minimally invasive procedure is potentially faster with less surgical trauma.(AU)

Esporotricose felina no município de itaporanga, estado da paraíba, Brasil: relato de um caso / Esorotricosis felina en el municipio de itaporanga, estado de la paraíba, Brasil: relato de caso / Feline sporotrichosis in the city of itaporanga, state of paraiba, Brazil: a case report

No sentido de contribuir com dados relacionados à presença da esporotricose felina na região Nordeste do Brasil, o trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de esporotricose em gato doméstico nativo do município de Itaporanga, Paraíba. Um felino, macho, da raça Siamês, 11 anos de idade, apresentava o histórico de aumento de volume nasal, de caráter crônico. Clinicamente observou-se uma neoformação localizada na região nasal dorsal, com abrangência subcutânea e base de inserção séssil. Optou-se por realizar exame citológico e cultura fúngica do tecido nasal neoformado. Posteriormente executou-se biópsia excisional da lesão localizada em região nasal, encaminhando-se a amostra obtida para análise histopatológica com a utilização de colorações pelos métodos de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. A análise citopatológica detectou inflamação granulomatosa. Na cultura microbiológica não se observou crescimento fúngico. Devido ao resultado de tais exames complementares, justificou-se a biópsia excisional da lesão nasal. A análise histopatológica demonstrou (com o auxílio da coloração do Ácido Periódico de Schiff), a presença de estruturas compatíveis com Sporothrix schenkii. Nesse sentido, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de esporotricose e realizou-se a prescrição do itraconazol. Observou-se involução inicial da lesão. Contudo, após algumas semanas do seguimento com o tratamento antifúngico, o animal veio a óbito e não foi possível realizar necropsia. A esporotricose deve ser considerada em felinos que apresentam lesões cutâneas características da doença e oriundos do município de Itaporanga, estado da Paraíba, Brasil.

In order to contribute with data related to the presence of feline sporotrichosis in northeastern Brazil, the study aimed to describe a case of sporotrichosis in a domestic native cat of Itaporanga city, Paraíba, Brazil. An eleven-year-old, male, Siamese cat had a history of chronic condition of an increased nasal volume. Clinically, a neoformation located in the nasal dorsum with subcutaneous coverage and sessile insertion base was observed. A cytological examination of the nasal change was chosen and then some of the collected material was sent for fungal culture. Subsequently, excisional biopsy of the lesion in the nasal region was performed, and the obtained sample was sent for histological analysis with the use of staining methods with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff. The cytological analysis detected granulomatous inflammation. Microbiological culture did not show fungal growth. Due to the results of such complementary exams, excisional biopsy of the nasal injury was justified. A histopathologic analysis showed (with the help periodic acid-Schiff) the presence of structures compatible to Sporothrix schenkii. Accordingly, the diagnosis of sporotrichosis was reached and itraconazole was prescribed. Regression of the early lesions was observed. However, after a few weeks of the beginning of the antifungal treatment, the animal died and no autopsy was possible. Sporotrichosis should be considered in cats which present skin lesions with characteristics of this disease and from the city of Itaporanga, state of Paraiba, Brazil.

En el sentido de contribuir con datos relacionados a la presencia de esporotricosis felina en la región Nordeste de Brasil, este estudio ha tenido por objetivo describir un caso de esporotricosis en gato doméstico nativo del municipio de Itaporanga, Paraíba. Un felino, macho, de la raza siamés, 11 años de edad, presentaba histórico de aumento de volumen nasal, de carácter crónico. Clínicamente se observó una neo formación localizada en la región nasal dorsal, con alcance subcutáneo y base de inserción sésil. Se ha elegido realizar examen citológico y cultura fúngica del tejido nasal neo formado. Posteriormente se ha ejecutado biopsia por escisión de la lesión localizada en la región nasal, encaminando la muestra para análisis histopatológico con utilizaciones de coloraciones por los métodos de Hematoxilina- Eosina y Ácido Periódico de Schiff. El análisis cito patológica ha encontrado inflamación granulo matosa. En la cultura microbiológica no se ha observado crecimiento fúngico. Debido al resultado de tales exámenes complementares, se justificó la biopsia por escisión de lesión nasal. El análisis histopatológico demostró (con el auxilio de coloración de Ácido Periódico de Schiff), la presencia de estructuras compatibles con Sporothrix schenkii. Así, se estableció el diagnóstico de esporotricosis y se ha realizado la prescripción de itraconazol. Se observó involución inicial de la lesión. Todavía, tras algunas semanas del seguimiento con el tratamiento anti fúngico, el animal vino a óbito y no fue posible realizar necropsia. La esporotricosis debe ser considerada en felinos que presentan lesiones cutáneas características de la enfermedad y oriundos del municipio de Itaporanga, estado de la Paraíba, Brasil.