Using the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale in Brazil / O uso da versão em português da Escala de Biculturalidade no Brasil

Abstract Introduction: Brazil has received influxes of people, mainly from Africa, Europe and Japan, forming one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world. Some groups, particularly in Southern Brazil, have retained their original cultural traditions, whilst acquiring elements of the typical local Brazilian cultural identity. This is the first study designed to formally evaluate biculturality in Brazil. Objective: To psychometrically assess and validate the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale (BS) in Brazil. Methods: The BS was adapted and translated to Portuguese and tested for the first time in Brazil in a sample of descendants (n = 160) from four immigrant groups and respective locations in Southern Brazil. A series of psychometric tests were conducted in order to examine the validity of the Portuguese version of the BS. Analyses of variance across scores for all subgroups were also conducted. Results: Factor analysis revealed two main factors contributing to most of the variance in scores. The 10 items measuring affiliation with minority cultural characteristics and the typical Brazilian culture yielded Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.69 and 0.78 respectively, whereas the overall Cronbach's alpha for all 20 items of the BS was 0.67. There was a significant correlation between items related to the typical Brazilian culture and the generation since immigration of research participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.004). The mean time taken to complete the questionnaire was 7.4 minutes. Conclusion: The results indicate that the Portuguese version of the BS is a valid, reliable and easy-to-use instrument to assess biculturality experienced by descendants of immigrants in southern Brazil.

Resumo Introdução: O Brasil recebeu afluxo de imigrantes principalmente da África, Europa e Japão, formando uma das populações mais heterogêneas do mundo. Alguns grupos, particularmente no Sul do Brasil, têm mantido suas tradições culturais originais, ao mesmo tempo que adquirem elementos típicos da identidade cultural brasileira local. Este é o primeiro estudo a avaliar formalmente a biculturalidade no Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliação psicométrica e validação da versão em português da Escala de Biculturalidade (EB) no Brasil. Métodos: A EB foi adaptada e traduzida para o português e testada pela primeira vez no Brasil em uma amostra de descendentes de quatro grupos de imigrantes (n = 160) em diferentes localizações no Sul do Brasil. Uma série de testes psicométricos foram aplicados a fim de examinar a validade da versão em português da EB. Análises de variância através dos escores obtidos em cada subgrupo também foram conduzidas. Resultados: A análise fatorial revelou que dois fatores principais contribuem para a maioria da variância nos escores. Os 10 items que medem afiliação com características culturais minoritárias e cultura típica brasileira demonstraram índice de Cronbach de 0,69 e 0,78, respectivamente, enquanto que o alfa global de Cronbach para todos os 20 itens da EB foi de 0,67. Houve correlação significativa entre os itens relacionados à cultura típica brasileira e a geração dos voluntários desde o período de imigração (r = 0,23, p = 0,004). O tempo médio para completar o questionário foi de 7,4 minutos. Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que a versão em português da EB é um instrumento válido, confiável e de fácil utilização para avaliar expêriencias de biculturalidade de descendentes de imigrantes no Sul do Brasil.

Anxiety symptoms in crack cocaine and inhalant users admitted to a psychiatric hospital in southern Brazil / Sintomas de ansiedade em usuários de crack e inalantes admitidos em uma unidade psiquiátrica na Região Sul do Brasil

OBJECTIVE: The occurrence of psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with crack or inhalant dependence is frequently observed. The objective of this study was to investigate anxiety symptoms among crack cocaine and inhalant users in southern Brazil. METHODS: The study investigated two groups of volunteers of equal size (n = 50): one group consisted of crack cocaine users, and the other group consisted of inhalant users. Research volunteers completed the Portuguese versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ). RESULTS: Both crack and inhalant users experience significant symptoms of anxiety. Inhalant users presented significantly more anxiety symptoms than crack users according to the HAM-A questionnaire only. In contrast to the results of the HAM-A, the STAI failed to demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups of substance users. SRQ scores revealed that crack and inhalants users had significant degrees of morbidity. CONCLUSION: A significant difference regarding anxiety symptomatology, especially state anxiety, was observed among inhalant and crack users. Anxiety and overall mental psychopathology were significantly correlated in this sample. The results indicate that screening initiatives to detect anxiety and additional psychiatric comorbidities among crack and inhalant users are feasible and relevant.

OBJETIVO: Investigar sintomas de ansiedade em usuários de crack e inalantes no Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Oestudo investigou dois grupos de voluntárioscomomesmonúmero de indivíduos (n = 50): um grupo consistiu de usuários de crack e o outro grupo, de usuários de inalantes. Os voluntários da pesquisa completaram as versões em português das escalas de ansiedade State-Trais Anxiety Inventory (STAI) e Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), e o Questionário de Autoavaliação (SRQ). RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram sintomas significativos de ansiedade. Os usuários de inalantes apresentaram escores quanto a HAM-A significativamente superiores aos usuários de crack. Ansiedade e psicopatologia geral se apresentaram significativamente correlacionados. CONCLUSÃO: Sintomas de ansiedade são frequentes entre usuários de crack e inalantes. Um processo de triagem de sintomas de ansiedade entre usuários de crack e inalantes deve facilitar ainda mais as intervenções terapêuticas nesta área.

Estudo da correlação entre aleitamento e estado de saúde materno / Correlation between breastfeeding and maternal health status

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between breastfeeding efficacy and health status in a sample of 88 mothers from Southern Brazil. METHODS: Research participants completed the Portuguese version of the General Health Questionnaire and the Personal Health Scale. Breastfeeding efficacy was evaluated using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlations between breastfeeding and health status scores were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed significant correlations between the scores of the two general health and well-being questionnaires and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that both health status instruments significantly predicted Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale scores. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding efficacy is significantly related to maternal health status in Southern Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Examinar a relação entre eficácia do aleitamento e o estado de saúde em uma amostra de 88 mães na Região Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: As participantes da pesquisa completaram a versão em português do Questionário de Saúde Geral e da Escala de Saúde Pessoal. A eficácia do aleitamento foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Autoeficácia no Aleitamento. As correlações entre o escore do questionário referente ao aleitamento e os instrumentos de avaliação do estado de saúde foram examinadas usando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Houve correlação significante entre os escores dos questionários de estado de saúde e da escala de eficácia do aleitamento. Análises de regressão bivariada revelaram valores preditivos significantes de ambos os instrumentos de avaliação do estado de saúde sobre os escores da escala de eficácia do aleitamento. CONCLUSÃO: A eficácia do aleitamento está relacionada ao estado de saúde materno no sul do Brasil.

Portuguese version of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: a validation study / Estudio de validación de la versión en portugués del cuestionario sobre calidad de vida: satisfacción y placer

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) among substance users in southern Brazil. METHODS: The original English version of the Q-LES-Q was translated into Portuguese taking into account semantic and conceptual equivalence. The Portuguese versions of the Q-LES-Q and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to assess quality of life among crack cocaine and inhalant users. Factorial and reliability analyses as well as correlation studies were conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Q-LES-Q. RESULTS: All areas of the Q-LES-Q achieved significant Cronbach's coefficients. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained between various subscales of the Q-LES-Q and the four dimensions of the WHOQOL-BREF. Correlations were significant when crack and inhalant users were analyzed separately or conjointly. Inhalant users presented significantly higher scores than crack users in the social (p = 0.035) and general (p = 0.005) subscales of the Q-LES-Q. CONCLUSION: The Portuguese version of the Q-LES-Q possesses sound internal validity. The English version of the Q-LES-Q was adequately adapted to Portuguese. Inhalant users may present lower levels of satisfaction with social life and overall quality of life than crack users. The Portuguese version of the Q-LES-Q is a reliable questionnaire for future research and clinical use with substance users in Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Demostrar la validez y consistencia de la versión en portugués del cuestionario sobre calidad de vida: satisfacción y placer (Q-LES-Q) en consumidores de drogas del sur de Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se tradujo la versión original en inglés del Q-LES-Q al portugués tomando en cuenta las equivalencias semántica y conceptual. Se utilizaron la versión en portugués del Q-LES-Q y la escala de calidad de vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHOQOL-BREF) para evaluar la calidad de vida de personas que consumían basuco (crack) e inhalantes. Se realizaron análisis factoriales y de consistencia y estudios de correlación para establecer las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en portugués del Q-LES-Q. RESULTADOS: Todas las áreas del Q-LES-Q alcanzaron valores significativos del coeficiente de Cronbach. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación de Pearson significativos entre varias subescalas del Q-LES-Q y las cuatro dimensiones de la WHOQOL-BREF. La correlación fue significativa para los consumidores de basuco y de inhalantes por separado y en conjunto. Los consumidores de inhalantes presentaron puntuaciones significativamente mayores que los consumidores de basuco en las subescalas social (P = 0,035) y general (P = 0,005) del Q-LES-Q. CONCLUSIONES: La versión en portugués del Q-LES-Q posee una sólida validez interna. La versión en inglés del Q-LES-Q se adaptó adecuadamente al portugués. Los consumidores de inhalantes pueden presentar niveles más bajos de satisfacción con la vida social y la calidad general de vida que los consumidores de basuco. La versión en portugués del Q-LES-Q es un instrumento confiable tanto para investigaciones futuras como para uso clínico en consumidores de drogas en Brasil.

An assessment of maternal quality of life in the postpartum period in southern Brazil: a comparson of two questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: To assess maternal quality of life (QoL) during the postpartum period and to compare the performance of two QoL questionnaires across a sample of 101 women in southern Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first study that measures maternal quality of life during the postpartum period in Brazil. INTRODUCTION: There is limited information about postpartum maternal quality of life in Brazil. The are no Portuguese versions of instruments specifically designed to measure quality of life during the postpartum period. METHODS: Research participants completed the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) questionnaires. The correlations between the MQLI and the discrete areas of WHOQOL-BREF were examined using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients. RESULTS: We report a significant correlation between the global MQLI and the four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scores (p < 0.01). An analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in mean scores in the Psychological and Environment domains according to different socio-economic strata: F (3, 97) = 3.81, p = 0.012 and F (3, 97) = 4.03, p = 0.01, respectively. DISCUSSION: The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire may be more sensitive than the MQLI in detecting the impact of socioeconomic status on the QoL of postpartum women. CONCLUSION: The sample of postpartum women evaluated in this study presented favorable QoL scores according to both the MQLI and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. Our results also indicate that the WHOQOL-BREF and the MQLI questionnaires have a significant correlation in terms of their assessments of postpartum mothers.