O trabalho e o usufruto do tempo livre/lazer para os professores em sarandi/pr: da compensação à conformação / Work and use of free time/leisure for teachers in sarandi, paraná: from compensation to conformity / El trabajo y el uso del tiempo libre/ocio para los profesores en sarandi/paraná: de la compensación a la conformidad

Resumo Este estudo analisou as determinações do trabalho dos professores da rede municipal de Sarandi, estado do Paraná, no Brasil, materializadas nas suas práticas de tempo livre/lazer. Esse tipo de trabalho tem se mostrado, a cada dia, mais precarizado e intensificado. Disso decorrem necessidades tanto no âmbito do cuidado com a saúde desses trabalhadores, quanto na realização de atividades compensatórias por meio do usufruto do tempo livre/lazer. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, identificamos que os professores têm jornada de trabalho ampliada com salários cada vez mais reduzidos e perda de direitos garantidos. Além disso, se deparam com deficiências na estrutura física e pedagógica da escola. Esses elementos demonstraram exercer forte influência no nível de saúde e nas escolhas e possibilidades de ocupação do tempo livre/lazer desses profissionais, tornando o tempo cronometrado, ajustado e limitado em suas possibilidades emancipatórias tanto dentro quanto fora do trabalho.

Abstract This study examined determinations of teachers' work at municipal schools in Sarandi, Paraná, Brazil, focused on their free time/leisure practices. This type of work has become increasingly precarious and intense, resulting in needs both in terms of these workers' health care and in compensatory activities using free time/leisure. Through semi-structured interviews, we found that teachers work long shifts while earning increasingly low wages and losing established rights, but they also face challenges in schools' physical and pedagogical structure. These aspects have a strong influence on their level of health and their choices and possibilities for occupying their free time/leisure. Their time is controlled, tight and restricted in their emancipatory possibilities both at work and during time off.

Resumen El estudio analizó las determinaciones del trabajo de los profesores de la red municipal de Sarandi, Estado de Paraná, en Brasil, materializadas en sus prácticas de tiempo libre/ocio. Ese tipo de trabajo se ha mostrado, a cada día, más precarizado en recursos y se ha intensificado en horas. De ello devienen necesidades en el ámbito del cuidado con la salud de esos trabajadores, además de la necesidad de realizar actividades compensatorias a través del disfrute del tiempo libre y de ocio. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, identificamos que los profesores tienen una jornada de trabajo ampliada, con salarios cada vez más reducidos y pérdida de derechos antes garantizados. Además, enfrentan deficiencias en la estructura física y pedagógica de la escuela. Esos elementos ejercen fuerte influencia en el nivel de salud y en las elecciones y posibilidades de ocupación del tiempo libre de esos profesionales, haciendo que el tiempo libre sea cronometrado, ajustado y limitado en sus posibilidades emancipadoras, tanto dentro como fuera del trabajo.

Which defensive tactical indicators are associated with victory in the semifinals and finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup?

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to verify whether the match winners in the semifinals and finals of the FIFA World Cup 2014 were those who presented the highest frequency of pressing and intense behaviors in the recovery of ball possession. Methods: The sample was composed of 533 defensive tactical sequences performed by the four finalist teams in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The independent t-test was used to compare tactical indicators between winning and losing teams and the chi-square test (X2) was applied to assess the association between the variables. Results: In the first (X2 = 48.47; P < 0.01) and second halves of regular matches (X2 = 64.10; P < 0.01), the evaluated teams recovered the ball in the defensive zone. However, during the first and second periods of extra time, the highest frequencies of ball recovery were found in the middle defensive zone (P < 0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that the semi-finalist and finalist teams from the 2014 FIFA World Cup sought to recover the ball in the defensive zone, and pressing opponent movements when they were losing the matches.